Eicosapentaenoic acid fatty acid

Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosa-hexaenoic acid), the predominant fatty acids in the oil of cold-water fish, lower triglycerides by as much as 35% when taken in large amounts. Fish oil supplements may be useful for patients with high triglycerides despite diet, alcohol restriction, and fibrate therapy. This effect may be modulated thru PPAR-a and a reduction in apolipoprotein B-100 secretion. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce platelet aggregation and have... 

Figure 11.1 Representative secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces ceolicolor and other microorganisms, including aromatic polyketides actinorhodin and tetrohydroxynaphthalene (a), side-rophore desferrioxamines (b), polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (c) and terpenoids beta-...

Palakurthi, S. S., Fluckiger, R., Aktas, H., Changolkar, A. K., Shahsafaei, A., Hameit, S., Kilic, E., and Halperin, J. A. (2000). Inhibition of translation initiation mediates the anticancer effect of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. Cancer Res. 60, 2919-2925. 

Health Benefits of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid... 

The vapor pressure of PCB can vary within a wide range. The more volatile PCBs have a vapor pressure around 40-75 mbar, which is similar to the vapor pressure of some organo-chlorine pesticides. Our own lab deodorization trials showed that PCBs and dioxins can be stripped from fish oil without degradation of the 00-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) provided that the deodorization pressure is very low (>2 mbar) (Table 10). Other studies showed that deodorization at 230°C and 5 mbar was insufficient to remove a PCB heat-transfer agent from contaminated rice bran oil (28). 

It has been postulated that increased consmnption of oily fish, rich in omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) which... 

Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA or 18 3n-3) An 18-carbon, three double-bond fatty acid in the omega-3 family. This polyunsaturated fatty acid is produced in the chloroplast of terrestrial and marine plants. In animals, alpha-linolenic acid is metabolized into the longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. 

In patients with ARDS, improved outcomes have been documented using a low carbohydrate formulation supplemented with specific fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid) and antioxidants. When compared with a high fat formulation, the specialized diet was associated with fewer days of ventilatory support, fewer ICU days, and fewer new organ failures. Therefore it has been recommended that this specialized formulation be considered for patients with ARDS. ... 

FIGURE 3.2 (a) The relationship between the three nomenclature notations for fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is shown as an example, (b) Representative structures of the common polyene fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 families. 

Pereira, S.L., Leonard, A.E., Huang, Y.S., Chuang, L.T., and Mukeiji, P. 2004. Identification of two novel microalgal enzymes involved in the conversion of the omega-3-fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, into docosahexaenoic acid. Biochem. J. 384, 357-366. 

Nestel, P, Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. (2002) The n-3 Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Increase Systemic Arterial Compliance in Humans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76,326-330. 

Finis, L. TaltavuU, N. Munoz-Cortes, M. Sanchez-Martos, V. Romeu, M. GiralF M. Molinar-Toribio, E. et al.. Protective effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosa-hexaenoic acid 1 1 ratio on cardiovascular disease risk markers in rats. Lipids in Health and Disease (2013) 12. 

In addition to lowering plasma TG, n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are reported to have a number of additional beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system which include antihypertensive and antithrombotic actions. EPA and DHA are major fatty acid constituents of fish oil and it has been assumed that both EPA and DHA are responsible for its hypotriglyeeridemic activity. However, growing evidence indicates that EPA and DHA may possess different hypohpidemic properties. We have reported that EPA is the fatty add primarily responsible for the TG-lowering effect of fish oil (Table 1), but the mechanism underlying this hypotriglyceridemic effect has not yet been fully elucidated. Interestingly, however, we... 

Yin H, Brooks JD, Gao L, Porter NA, Morrow JD. Identification of novel autoxidation products of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2007 282 29890-1. 

Fatty acids that are required by the body but cannot be made in sufficient quantity from other substrates, therefore must be obtained from food and are called essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids and are the parent compounds of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid series, respectively. Humans lack the ability to introduce double bonds in fatty acids beyond carbons 9 and 10, Two fatty acids are essential in humans, linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). They are widely distributed in plant oils. In addition, fish, flax, and hemp oils contain the longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 

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