Polystyrene reinforced

Figure I. Fracture surface polystyrene reinforced with V4-incn polyester fiber...

Figure 4.10 TEM of a highly deformed region of polystyrene, reinforced with natural rubber/polystyr-ene blend (Schneider et ai.,J. Mater. Sd., 32, 5191, 1997) with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.

Variation of tensile stress and volumetric strain with tensile strain, for polystyrene reinforced with 10 and 25% of block copolymer rubber (reprinted with permission from Magalhaes, A. M, L. and Borggreve, R. J. M, Macromol, 28, 5841, 1995) copyright American Chemical Society. 

In the early fifties a number of workers demonstrated the synthesis of homogeneous , high capacity, high conductivity synthetic polymer membranes prepared both by condensation and addition polymerization. Both cation and anion exchange membranes based upon cross-linked polystyrene, reinforced by a fabric mesh became commercially available. 

Comalloy 210 Polystyrenes reinforced or not, PS Comalloy IntL Crap. 

The data regarding polystyrene reinforced with liquid-crystalline polymers clearly show the effect of the filler on the process of recoil. 

Antich P, Vazquez A, Mondragonb I et al (2006) Mechanical behavior of high impact polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fibers. Compos A 37 139-150... 

C Polyacrylate Polystyrene Reinforcing veils for gel coats Chemically resistant barrier layers... 

Abstract These test methods cover the synthetic rubber lattices ABR, BR, CR, HR, NBR, NCR, NIR, PBR, PSBR, SBR, SCR, SIR, synthetic rubber lattices with substituted carboxylic acid groups on the polymer chain, and reinforced synthetic mbber lattices. Covered tests include the procedure for collecting samples and determining total solid content, volatile unsaturates content, pH, surface tension, viscosity, coagulum, bound styrene, Mooney viscosity, mechanical stability, polystyrene reinforcement in contained polymer, and residual acrylonitrile content. Each test method contains information on material exceptions, apparatus, and test procedures. 

Wingert, M. J. Han, Z. Zeng, C. Li, H., Rheological Changes in C02 Impregnated Polystyrene Reinforced with Nanoclays. Ann. Tech. Conf. Society of Plastic Engineers, Technical Papers 2003, 986-990. 

Polyurethane, PVC, and extruded polystyrene provide the bulk of the cellular plastics used for low and cryogenic temperature appHcations. In some cases, eg, the insulation of Hquid hydrogen tanks on space systems, foams have been reinforced with continuous glass fibers throughout the matrix. This improves strength without affecting thermal performance significantly. 

Some interesting differences are noted between amorphous and crystalline polymers when glass fibre reinforcement is incorporated into the polymer. In Figure 9.2 (ref. 10) it will be seen that incorporation of glass fibre has a minimal effect on the heat deflection temperature of amorphous polymers (polystyrene,... 

A better combination of fiber and polymer is achieved by an impregnation of [44] the reinforcing fabrics with polymer matrixes compatible with the polymer. Polymer solutions [40,45] or dispersions [46] of ]ow viscosity are used for this purpose. For a number of interesting polymers, the lack of solvents limits the use of the method of impregnation [44]. When cellulose fibers are impregnated with a bytyl benzyl phthalate plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) dispersion, excellent partitions can be achieved in polystyrene (PS). This significantly lowers the viscosity of the compound and the plasticator and results in cosolvent action for both PS and PVC [46]. 

S-B-S Triblocks are block copolymers consisting of a block of butadiene units flanked by blocks of styrene. Below the T, of polystyrene blocks from different chains congregate into domains which act both as cross-links and reinforcing fillers. The jDolymers will dissolve in hydrocarbon solvents. Hydrogenated S-B-S materials have better resistance to ageing. 

Different core materials are used. They include foam, honeycomb core (plastic, paper, aluminum, etc.), ribs, balsa wood, filler spacers, corrugated sheet spacers, etc. Materials such as polyurethane foam, cellulosic foams, and polystyrene foams are widely used as core materials. Plastics, such as glass-reinforced polyester, are frequently used as the skins for panels. Different skin materials are used such as metallic skins alone or in conjunction with plastic skins. 

About 8,000 metric tons of peroxides were consumed in 1972. This consumption was strongly stimulated by the rapid growth in reinforced plastics (Ref 23). The largest volume product is benzoyl peroxide which is used in polystyrene and polyester markets for such items as toys, automobiles, furniture, marine, transportation and mil requirements. Also, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is used in large volumes to cure (as a catalyst) styrene-unsatur-ated polyester adhesive resins used in mil ammo adhesive applications, as well as in glass fiber reinforced plastic products such as boats, shower stalls, tub components, automobile bodies, sports equipment, etc. The monoperesters are growing slowly because of some substitution of the peroxydicarbonates and azo compds (Refs 8,9 23)... 

As a filler jn the elastomeric matrix of polysiloxane, spherical particles of polystyrene were also used and provided considerable reinforcement of the... 

Transition from liquid behavior to solid behavior has been reported with fine particle suspensions with increased filler content in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Industrially important classes are rubber-modified polymer melts (small rubber particles embedded in a polymer melt), e.g. ABS (acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene) or HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) and fiber-reinforced polymers. Another interesting suspension is present in plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) at low temperatures, when suspended PVC particles are formed in the melt [96], The transition becomes evident in the following... 

Reinforcing fillers can be deformed from their usual approximately spherical shapes in a number of ways. For example, if the particles are a glassy polymer such as polystyrene (PS), then deforming the matrix in which they reside at a... 

The styrenic thermoplastic elastomers are the only type which are fully compounded in the manner of conventional elastomers. In this case, however, the addition of carbon black, or other fillers, does not give reinforcement. Additions of polystyrene, or high impact polystyrene, and oil are used to vary hardness and tear strength, and fillers can be used to cheapen the material. Other added polymers, e g., EVA, can be used to increase ozone resistance. These materials also require antioxidants for protection during processing and service life, and the poor UV stability restricts their use in outdoor applications. 

The heat distortion temperature of styrene polymers is insufficient for some applications, but can be improved by copolymerization with monomers such as -methylstyrene or maleic anhydride. Maleic anhydride copolymers are excellently suited to the manufacture of foamed articles. The advantages of glass-fiber reinforcement are greater in such copolymers than in polystyrene itself. 

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