Determination total solids

For settleable solids, a sample of the wastewater is taken after the suspended solids are allowed to settle for a specified time. The solids in this sample are then measured in a manner similar to that for total solids. These are the nonsettleable solids. The settleable solids are then determined by subtracting from the total solids determined previously. See Workplace Scene 3.2. 

Dunkley, J. 1970. Total solids determination in coprecipitate solutions. Proc. 18th Int. Dairy Congr. IE, 430. 

Total Solids Determine the refractive index of a sample at 20° or 45°, and use the appropriate Glucose Syrup table under Glucose Syrup (Corn Syrup), Appendix X. 

Total Solids Determine the water content of an accurately weighed sample as directed under Water Determination, Appendix IIB. Calculate the percent Total Solids by the formula... 

Total Solids Determine as directed in Invert Sugar under Total Solids, Appendix X, using the table provided. 

An obvious method for determining DH rapidly is to utilize a colligative property such as osmotic pressure. As DH of a glucose syrup increases so does the total number of molecules. Cryoscopic determination of osmotic pressure, combined with total solids determination with a refractometer, suffice to determine DE (6) within a total time of about 3 minutes. 

Calibration sets must not only uniformly cover an entire constituent range they must also be composed of a uniformly distributed set of sample types. Ideal calibration sets are composed of equal to or greater than 10 to 15 samples per analytical term. These samples ideally have widely varying composition evenly distributed across the calibration range. The sample set must also not exhibit intercorrelation between moisture or particle size with one of the components of interest. An exception to this intercorrelation rule is allowed in obvious cases such as total solids determination or some such application where moisture is an indirect measurement of the total solids. In another well-known case, the hardness of wheat is directly related to the particle size distribution of ground wheat due to the grinder-wheat interaction. 

A) Total Solids, reported in mg/I, is the amount of the residue left in the vessel after evaporation of a sample and its subsequent drying in an oven at a specified temperature. Total solids determination is the easiest test conducted on industrial wastes to have an idea of the extent of dissolved inorganic salts. 

From mateiial balance, the paiticle size distiibution of the feed and centrate, as well as the total solids recoveiy, determine the yield. 

Total Solids None Total Solids is the sum of dissolved and suspended solids, determined gravimetrically See Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids ... 

For a 50,000 GPD filtration operation with an average loading 50 mg/L TSS (Total Suspended Solids) determine the optimum flocculant to use in order to achieve at least an 85 % reduction in solids. Assume that a rotary drum filter unit is used. 

TDS total dissolved solids determined by evaporating the water and weighing the residue. Units are mg/l. 

The adsorption plateaus on this solid, determined with each of the surfactants (Table II) and the individual CMC values, were used to calculate the adsorption constants input in the model. Figure 3 compares the total adsorption (sulfonate + NP 30 EO) of the pseudo-binary system investigated as a function of the initial sulfonate fraction of the mixtures under two types of conditions (1) on the powder solid, batch testing with a solid/liquid ratio, S/L = 0.25 g/cc (2) in the porous medium made from the same solid, for which this solid ratio is much higher (S/L = 4.0 g/cc). 

The foregoing procedure is straightforward if all the particles are of the same diameter (d). However, if the solid particles cover a broad range of sizes, the procedure must be applied for each particle size (diameter dh concentration particle size to the pressure drop APsi, The total solids contribution to the pressure drop is then T,APSj. If the carrier vehicle exhibits non-Newtonian properties with a yield stress, particles for which d < To/(0.2g Ap) (approximately) will not fall at all. 

Jackson and McDonald13 analyzed samples of inulin from various sources. They obtained a uniform product by recrystallization from water, irrespective of the source. Since they determined total solids by refractive index and density measurements on the hydrolyzed inulin, they were not concerned with its crystalline form nor with its moisture content. 

The freeze-dried sediments were subjected to both a total dissolution and a selective extraction. The latter, as described in Chester Hughes (1967), is carried out in a hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetic acid (HA) solution and designed to isolate reactive phases. With the exception of total Se, extracted metals were determined by the method described for porewaters. Total solid Se concentrations were measured by AAS with HG-FIAS (analysis ongoing). 

For wastewater samples, a number of additional solid determinations are typically performed, including total dissolved solids, volatile solids, and settleable solids. Total dissolved solids are the total solids minus the suspended solids and are determined in a manner similar to total solids, but after filtering out the suspended solids. Thus, a volume of the filtrate is measured into the evaporating dish and the water evaporated in a drying oven. 

The whole column, apart from a small portion of the sediment, is sam pled in this way. The chemical checks were carried out every 15 days, determining pH, Conductivity, C.O.D., Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Orthophosphate Phosphorus and, furthermore, each month Total phosphorus, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Total Solids and Volatile Solids. The methods utilized are those indicated in the Standard Methods (A.P.H.A., 1980). The amount of matter particles sedimented in the tanks was estimated with the use ol appropriate sampling devices located at the bottom of the tanks and withdrawn after a variable permanence of 40 to 60 days. 

The total solids concentration in parts per million is designated as C. In most cases, as in Table I, this is inferred from electro-metric determinations of conductivity, which respond only to dissolved solids. Usually, suspended solids are small. 

Most often, the rates for feedstock destruction in anaerobic digestion systems are based upon biogas production or reduction of total solids (TS) or volatile solids (VS) added to the system. Available data for analyses conducted on the specific polymers in the anaerobic digester feed are summarized in Table II. The information indicates a rapid rate of hydrolysis for hemicellulose and lipids. The rates and extent of cellulose degradation vary dramatically and are different with respect to the MSW feedstock based on the source and processing of the paper and cardboard products (42). Rates for protein hydrolysis are particularly difficult to accurately determine due the biotransformation of feed protein into microbial biomass, which is representative of protein in the effluent of the anaerobic digestion system. 

Moisture Nitrate nitrogen by difference from value for total solids (i) by reduction and distillation/titration (ii) colorimetric determination, or (iii) selective ion electrode... 

The total solid (dry matter) content of potato can be obtained by freeze-drying. Dry matter content is determined from the difference in the weight of potato samples before and after freeze-drying. The potato dry matter can also be estimated from the specific gravity measurements. In recent years, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to measure specific gravity of potatoes. The NIR spectra (700-1100 nm) of potato samples are acquired, and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis can be used to develop a predictive model for specific gravity (Scanlon et al., 1999). 

A reaction vessel consisting of phenol (1040 ppw), water (226 ppw), and sodium sulfite (305 ppw) was warned to 57°C and treated with 50% aqueous formaldehyde (532 ppw) over 25 minutes where the mixture exothermed to 80°C. After the addition the mixture was warmed to 100°C for 60 minutes and then cooled to 80°C and additional 50% formaldehyde (1094 ppw) added to the reaction mixture over 30 minutes. The reaction extent was monitored by determining the concentration of free phenol in the mixture. When the free phenol content was about 0.7% by weight the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and a third quantity of formaldehyde (850 ppw) added. The isolated resin had a total solids content of 47 wt%, a free formaldehyde content of 12.6 wt%, and a free phenol content of 0.3 wt%. 

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