Polystyrene nanofiber

Lu, X., Zhou, J., Zhao, Y, Qiu, Y. and Li, J. 2008. Room temperature ionic liquid based polystyrene nanofibers with superhydrophobicity and conductivity produced by electrospinning. 3420-3424. 

Semiciystalline PS nucleates formation of P-phase in iPP whereas amorphous PS nucleates formation of a-phase in iPP. Isotactic polystyrene nanofibers can be used for P nucleation of iPP." ... 

Lee MW, An S, Joshi B, Latthe SS, Yoon SS (2013) Highly efficient wettability control via three-dimensional (3D) suspension of titania nanoparticles in polystyrene nanofibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 1232-1239... 

The approach is illustrated by a-chymotrypsin functionalized polystyrene nanofibers. The catalytic effectiveness of nanofibers with 27.4% of surface coverage by a monolayer of enzyme was reported to be 65% of that of the native enz5mie when aqueous n-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe p-nitroandide... 

Figure 9.3 FESEM image of the porosity on a polystyrene nanofiber (/Ww = 171,000g/mol) electrospun in an environment with 50% humidity. Reprinted with permission from Casper et al. (2004). Copyright 2004. American Chemical Society.

Shin, C., G. G. Chase, and D. H. Reneker (2005). Recycled expanded polystyrene nanofibers applied in filter media. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 262(1 -3) 211 -215. 

Figure 13.12 (a) FESEM images of as-spun polystyrene nanofibers with a large-scale image in the inset, (b) Ag nanotube of 42 nm ion beam sputtered after the dissolution of polystyrene in a CH2CI2 solution, (c) porous Ag nanotubes after an Ar plasma treatment of... 

Fig. 12 a Beaded fibers (PS), b PA 6 nanofibers decomposing into droplets via Rayleigh instabilities, c Polystyrene nanofibers decomposing to linear segments as intermediate states of fragmentation [89]... 

Lee, M.W., An, S., Latthe, S.S., Lee, C., Hong, S.J.,Yoon, S.S., 2013b. Electrospun polystyrene nanofiber membrane with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity for selective separation of water and low viscous oil.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 10597. 

Shen J, Han XM, Lee LJ (2006) Nanoscaled reinforcement of polystyrene foams using carbon nanofibers. J Cell Plast 42 105-126... 

For the formation of silica nanotubes around [Pt(NH3)4](HC03)2 nanofibers, acting as templates, a coating mechanism, comparable to that given by Caruso et al. for the coating of polystyrene spheres with silica or titania [11], can be discussed. 

Another limitation that is specific to the parallel plate electrospinning technique is the collection of extremely thin nanofibers, which have been observed to break because they were unable to sustain the forces of their own weight and of the repulsive charges from other fibers [62]. An electrically resistive substrate inserted into the gap between the plates can provide support to fibers suspended between the plates without influencing fiber quality [62], and may also help to shield any conductive materials below the air gap, which may attract unwanted non-aligned nanofibers. Substrates with bulk resistivity greater than 10 Q cm, such as quartz and polystyrene, are suitable for placement between parallel electrodes, while materials with bulk resistivity of less than 10 Q cm, such as glass, may result in random fiber orientations [67, 68]. 

The fabrication and electrical properties of carbon nanofiber-polystyrene composites and their potential applications for EMI shielding have been reported [42]. Being lightweight is a key technological requirement for the development of practical EMI shielding systems. Thus the fabrication of foam structures to further reduce the weight of carbon nonofiber-ploymer composites has been recently demonstrated and simple preparation routine has been reported [43] by which this novel foam structure can be prepared. 

Other studies in 2000 by Drew et al. reported that it is very difficult to spin fibers of PANI complexed to sulfonated polystyrene (PANFSPS), even when solutions containing sodium chloride and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt were used to lower the surface tension and thereby enhance electrospinning [16,17]. However, PANFSPS nanofibers can be produced by adding a carrier polymer such as PEO, polyacrylonitrile, or polyurethane. Also reported was the use of electrostatically layered sulfonated polystyrene as a template for the surface polymerization of conjugated polymers in their conducting form. Enzymatic synthesis of PANI and a copolymer of pyrrole and PEDOT was done on electrospun nanofiber... 

M. Diaz, N.J. Pinto, J. Gao, and A. G. MacDiarmid, Electrospinning nanofibers of polyaniline and polyaniline/(polystyrene and polyethylene oxide) blends, National Conference of Undergraduate Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington (2001). 

S. Nair, E. Hsiao, and S. H. Kim Fabrication of electrically-conducting nonwoven porous mats of polystyrene-polypyrrole core-shell nanofibers via electrospinning and vapor phase polymerization, J. Mater. Chem., 18, 5155-5161 (2008). 

Composites of natural cellulosic fibers may have the best option to the array because the nanofibers can interact with other natural materials to form highly ordered structures. The cellulose microlibrils have hydroxyl groups (OH) on their surface, which can form covalent bonds with the matrix. In literature, three alternative routes for the preparation of composites of cellulose are known [40]. The first route refers to the incorporation of hydrophobic libers in matrices such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. In this case, it is necessary to a chemical or physical treatment, so that the surfaces of the matrix and the libers... 

Park et al. [18] reported the synthesis of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on electrospun polymer blend nanofibers as electrolytes. Electrospun poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and PVDF-HFP/polystyrene (PS) blend nanofibers were prepared as shown in Figure 1.16. The authors reported that the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitive solar cell (DSSC) devices using electrospun PVDF-HFP/PS (3 1) nanofiber was much better as compared to DSSC devices using electrospun PVDF-HFP nanofiber. It was further observed that the overall power conversion efficiency of the DSSC device using PVDF-HFP nanofiber had a lower value than that of the DSSC device using electrospun PVDF-HFP/PS blend nanofibers... 

Composite nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethyl-ene)/PANl-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) with diameters of 6 nm were reported. 

The addition of the conjugated pol5mier PANl and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) also increased the charge density of the solution and assisted the fabrication of homogeneous nanofibers at lower than normal poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) concentrations in DMF. 

FIGURE 7.46 SEM (a, b) and TEM (c, d) images show a mixture of polyaniline nanofibers and polystyrene spheres (a, c) before and (b, d) after flash welding. The inset shows the visual color contrast between unexposed (e, bluish white) and exposed (f, dark blue) areas. (Adapted from Huang, J.X. and Kaner, R.B., Nat. Mater., 3, 783-786, 2004.)... 

Similarly, Aussawasathien et al. [185] compared the performance of CSA-doped polyaniline-polystyrene electrospun nanofibers with a thin film of the same composition for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide. As expected, the thin-film sensor showed significantly weaker currents than those of the electrospun nanofibers, with both materials showing a linear response of the redox current as a function of hydrogen peroxide concentration. However, the electrospun nanofiber sensor showed a much higher sensitivity, as evidenced by the greater slope. It was also shown that the detection of... 

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