Polyphenylene sulfide fibers

Polyphenylene sulfide fibers are other group of inherently FR fibers. Example is Diofort (Diolen Industrial Fibers, the Netherlands). 

Scruggs, J. G., and Reed, J. O., Polyphenylene Sulfide Fibers, in High Technology Fibers, Part A, M. Lewin and J. Preston (Eds ), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1985. 

Newer fabrics, not in common use but in development, test, and field trials, are described for higher temperature applications by Reference [50]. Application to 400°F—2100°F are potentially available using ceramic fibers Nextel 312 , laminated membrane of expanded PTFE on a substrate, polyimid fiber P-84, Ryton polyphenylene sulfide, and woven fiberglass. The heat and acid resistance of these new materials... 

The primary resin of interest is epoxy. Carbon-fiber-epoxy composites represent about 90% of CFRP production. The attractions of epoxy resins are that they polymerize without the generation of condensation products that can cause porosity, they exhibit little volumetric shrinkage during cure which reduces internal stresses, and they are resistant to most chemical environments. Other matrix resins of interest for carbon fibers include the thermosetting phenolics, polyimides, and polybismaleimides, as well as high-temperature thermoplastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylene sulfide. 

High-performance polymers, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) (Ry-ton), have excellent resistance to elevated temperatures, and this property can be enhanced by the incorporation of reinforcing fibers such as graphite fibers. 

The routes give, using well-known condensation and radical reactions, bakelites (I), polyazophenylenes (II), polyimides (III), polyurethanes (IV), nitro compounds and polyamides (V), aromatic polyethers and polyesters (VI), polychalcones (VII), polyphenylene sulfides (IX), ammonia lignin (X), carbon fibers (XI), silicones (XII), and phosphorus esters (XIII). In addition, radiation and chemical grafting can be used to obtain polymers of theoretical interest and practical use. Although the literature on the above subject is very large, there are comprehensive summaries available (1,28,69). 

POLYMERSCONTAININGSULFUR - POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE)] (Vol 19) Fiber length measurement... 

Sulfar fibers are extruded from polyphenylene sulfide) or PPS by the melt-spinning process. The first PPS polymer was made in 1897 by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of sulfur and benzene. Researchers at Dow Chemical, in the early 1950s, succeeded in producing high-molecular weight linear PPS by means of the Ullmann condensation of alkali metal salts of p-bromothiophenol. 

As a further comparison, the flexural modulus of glass-filled polyphenylene sulfide at 450° F is about 10 times that of unfilled polytetra-fiuoroethylene at room temperature. These data illustrate the outstanding retention of stiffness of this material at elevated temperatures. The heat-deflection temperature of polyphenylene sulfide containing 40% glass fibers is greater than 425°F, accounting for the excellent retention of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. 

Polyphenylene-sulfide - 40% Glass Fiber Reinforced PPS - 40% GFR 1.66 VO 46 Good Good <0.05... 

Polymer Specimens. The materials used in this work were polyimide (PI),polyamide-imide (PAl), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyether sulphone (PES). The chemical formulas and physical properties of the specimen polymers are summarized in Table I. The specimen polymers, except PPS, were unfilled while the PPS specimen was filled with glass fiber of Uo wt. %. PAI and PES are amorphous polymer with considerably high glass temperature. The polymers, except PI, can flow at hi temperatures and allow the use of injection molding. 

The major applications of LCP films in electronics are multilayer boards and multichip modules, and flexible printed circuits. Current materials used in the.se applications include polyimide film, high performance thermoplastic film such as polyphenylene sulfide and polyetherether ketone, and fiber reinforced composites such as quartz fiber-polyimide. The price of these materials for electronic packaging is in the range of. 50 to. l(K)/lb, so LCPs can compete very effectively at their current prices. Based on a two to three times increase in price... 

Other polymers benefiting from the addition of glass fibers include polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, and polyether sulfone. 

One of the most important developments in recent years has been the technology to extrude extremely fine filaments of less than 1.0 denier while maintaining all of the strength, uniformity, and processing characteristics expected by textile manufacturers and consumers. This product development began with the preparation of conjugated bicomponent filaments that were post-processed to split into ultrafine fibers. The process technology later matured and has been applied to polyesters, polyamides, polypropylene, and polyethylene and polyphenylene sulfide. 

Ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Nylon 46 Polycarbonate Polyphenylene sulfide resin Polytetrafluoroethylene Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer fiber, industrial applies. 

The stiffness constants and Young s moduli of 30 wt% glass fiber-reinforced Vectra A are given in Tables 14.9 and 14.10, respectively. The elastic moduli of 30 wt% glass fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), taken from reference 41, are also shown for comparison. PPS is isotropic and has a Young s modulus and shear modulus of 4.0... 

Table 14.9 Stiffness constants (in GPa) of injection molded tensile bars of 30 wt% glass fiber-reinforced Vectra A and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)...

Lee KH, Park M, Kim YC, Choe CR, Crystallization behaviour of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and PPS carbon-fiber composites-effect of cure, Polym Bull, 30(4), 469-475, 1993. 

T-xyCF Polyphenylene sulfide, PPS 4- xy% graphite fiber Thennofil, Inc. 

T-xyFG Polyphenylene sulfide with xy wt% glass fiber Thermolil, Inc. 

T-xyNF Polyphenylene sulfide with xy wt% graphite fiber Thermofil, Inc. 

Phenolics, epoxies, polycarbonate, ABS Polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyolefin, thermoplastic polyester, polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polycarbonate (glass or carbon fiber)... 

Polyethylene, silicone, PVC, thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate Epoxy, nylon (glass or carbon fiber), polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester (glass), polyphthalamide, polyetheretherketone, polycarbonate (carbon fiber), polyetherimide, polyether-sulfone Nylon (glass or carbon fiber), polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester (glass), polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyphthalamide, polyphenylene sulfide (glass or carbon fiber)... 

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