Polymer enzymes

T. Shimoboji, E. Larenas, T. Fowler, A. S. Hoffman, and P. S. Stayton, Temperature-induced switching of enzyme activity with smart polymer-enzyme conjugates. Bioconjugate CherrL 14 (3), 517(2003). 

The boundary between cases I-II has been explored by Flexer et al. [69] with LbL self-assembled GOx multilayers and poly(bipyridine-pyridine) redox polymer (PAH-Os). Figure 2.29 shows the catalytic response in excess glucose as a function of the number ofself-assembled polymer-enzyme bilayers. For the first bilayers (thin films)... 

Josh Gallaway was born in Waverly, TN, in 1974 and lived there until attending Case Western Reserve University in 1992, where he earned a B.S. in chemical engineering. Since 2002, he has been a graduate student at Columbia University, studying redox polymer-enzyme systems for use in biofuel cells. 

In order to improve the usability of enzymes, immobilization matrices have been proposed with both environmental decontamination as well as personal detoxification in mind. Effective immobilization methods allow for the preparation of an immobilized enzyme that retains most of its native activity, maintains high operational stability as well as high storage stability. Recent advances in material synthesis using enzymes have allowed the preparation of a variety of bioplastics and enzyme-polymer composites, which involve the incorporation of the enzyme material directly into the polymer. Enzymes stabilized in this way maintain considerable stability under normally denaturing conditions [21]. A number of methods have been used to prepare bioplastic or enzyme-polymer composite materials with OP-degrading enzymes. Drevon Russel described the incorporation... 

Ladd, J. N., and Butler, J. H. A. (1975). Humus-enzyme systems and synthetic, organic polymer-enzyme analogs. In Soil Biochemistry, Vol. 4, Paul, E. A., and McLaren, A. D., eds., Marcel Dekker, NewYork, 143-194. 

Ai H, Jones SA, Lvov YM (2003) Biomedical applications of electrostatic layer-by-layer nano-assembly of polymers, enzymes, and nanoparticles. Cell Biochem Biophys 39 23—43... 

Fig. 42. Photoindueed reduction of N03 to N02 in an organized assembly composed of NitraR immobilized in an acrylamide-bipyridinium redox polymer. ET-communication between the redox polymer and the enzyme active site takes place in the redox polymer-enzyme assembly...

Complex carbohydrates such as starch are anotlier group of condensation polymers. Enzymes such as amylase, a carbohydrase, can Itydrolyse complex carbohydrates to simple sugars winch can be represented as... 

Trypsin Polyacrylic acid, thiomers, polymer-enzyme-inhibitor conjugates Luessen et al. (1996b)... 

Elastase Polymer-enzyme-inhibitor conjugates Guggi and Bernkop-Schniirch (2003) and Marschiitz and Bernkop-Schniirch (2000)... 

Examples of biotech-based processes and products that are already to be found are biocatalysis and biomolecules in fine chemicals, biopolymers as substitutes for synthetic polymers, enzymes and modified additives in specialties, and modern fermentation as a production process for basic and intermediate organics. The market for biotech-based products (excluding traditional fermentation in, for ex-... 

This book is based predominantly on the patent literature and provides how to data regarding the production, purification, and application of commercial enzymes. Coverage is not limited to food applications, and 70 subjects are grouped as Enzymes, Enzymatic Processing, Enzyme Stabilization, Polymer-Enzyme Products, Cell Culture, Protein Analysis, Nucleic Acids etc.. Amino Acids, Peptide Synthesis, and Applications. Indexing includes U.S. patent number, company and patent assignee, inventor, and subject. 

Specific enzymatic degradation has been useful in determining the structures of pectins, gums and other plant polysaccharides (115), the mucopolysaccharides of higher animals (116), and other complex carbohydrates (117) including those from microorganisms 118, 119, 120). In these heterogeneous polymers enzyme treatment is most useful for deter-... 

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