Enzyme responsive polymers chemical composition

In addition to nucleic acids, enzymes have also been incorporated into conducting a polymer matrix for biosensor applications. As a transducer, a CP can convert the chemical response into an electric current. To enhance the sensitivity and the response time, fabrication of CPs/enzyme nanocomposites with large surface area is a meaningful objective. Syu and Chang demonstrated the immobilization of urease onto PPy nanotubes over carbon paper substrate by a physical entrapment approach [124]. The composite electrodes exhibited a detection sensitivity for the determination of urea of 53.74 mVdecade and a detection limit on the urea concentration of 1.0 pM. Furthermore, the composite electrode shows rapid response, storage stability and reusability. Lipase can also be covalently immobilized... 

Fixation substrate functions depend largely on molecular level structure and properties such as chemical and stereospecific structure, the structure and property of supramolecular materials, and macroscopic properties like high porosity. In addition to the progress already made in both s)mthesis of functional polymers such as stimuli-responsive and molecular recognition types and development of composite manufacturing methods, if morphological characteristics can be utilized, enzyme reactions will be possible anytime they are needed. 

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