Polymer blend terephthalate

Nonvinyl polymers cured by TAG include polyamides (120), polyamide—polyurethane blends (121), caprolactone polymers (122), terephthalate polymers (123), epoxy resins (124), and acryflc epoxies (125). 

In a molded polymer blend, the surface morphology results from variations in composition between the surface and the bulk. Static SIMS was used to semiquan-titatively provide information on the surface chemistry on a polycarbonate (PC)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blend. Samples of pure PC, pure PBT, and PC/PBT blends of known composition were prepared and analyzed using static SIMS. Fn ment peaks characteristic of the PC and PBT materials were identified. By measuring the SIMS intensities of these characteristic peaks from the PC/PBT blends, a typical working curve between secondary ion intensity and polymer blend composition was determined. A static SIMS analysis of the extruded surface of a blended polymer was performed. The peak intensities could then be compared with the known samples in the working curve to provide information about the relative amounts of PC and PBT on the actual surface. 

Pellow-Jarman, M. and Hetem, M., The effect of the polybutylene terephthalate constituent on the reactions occurring in PBT-polycarbonate polymer blends below their decomposition temperature, Plast. Rubber Composites Proc. Appl., 23, 31-41 (1995). 

Preparation of Polymer Blends. A series of polymer blends was prepared by co-solutioning predetermined amounts of the poly(m-phenylene)isophthalate/terephthalate (80/20) with poly (m-phenylene)phenyl phosphonate, in methylene chloride. The polymer blends were recovered by evaporating the solution to dryness and ground to 40 mesh with a Wiley Mill. The composition of these blends and their analyses are summarized in Table I. 

Similar results are also obtained from the CNT-filled polymer blends such as CNT-filled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyvinylidene fluoride, PET/nylon 6,6, PET/polypropylene, and PET/high-density polyethylene blends. 

After having studied in our laboratory, polymer blends of amorphous polymers poly-c-caprolactone and poly (vinyl chloride) (1,2) (PCL/ PVC), blends with a crystalline component PCL/PVC (3,4), poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (PPO) with isotactic polystyrene (i-PS) (5) and atactic polystyrene (a-PS) with i-PS (6), we have now become involved in the study of a blend in which both polymers crystallize. The system chosen is the poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PBT/PET) blend. The crystallization behavior of PBT has been studied extensively in our laboratory (7,8) this polymer has a... 

Polyesters also are used in various polymer blends such as polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) blends, poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene terephthalate), etc. Pyrolysis results on poly(vinyl chloride)/ poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been reported [64] showing that the two components influence each other, chloroesters of terephthaiic and benzoic acids being found in the pyrolysate. 

Solubility tests permit at least a tentative identification of the components also in polymer blends. Blends of ABS and polycarbonate are soluble in most polar solvents. Solubility in tetrahydrofuran and methyl ethyl ketone demonstrates the absence of polyolefins in such blends and the presence of aromatic polyesters or of polyamides can also be excluded. On the other hand, generally they may contain such highly soluble polymers as polystyrene, PVC, ABS, or polymethacrylates. However, blends that contain polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate do not dissolve in the usual solvents, but require m-cresol, which can he a clear indication that aromatic polyesters are present. Polyolefins dissolve at high temperatures, at least 110 °C, in toluene and p-xylene, and this behavior is characteristic of blends that contain polyethylene or polypropylene. 

Montaudo, G., Montaudo, M.S, Scamporrino, E., and Vitalini, D., Composition and microstructure of copolyesters formed in the melt mixing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene truxillate), Makromol. Chem., 194, 993, 1993. Montaudo, G., Puglisi, C., and Samperi, E, Copolymer Composition a Key to the Mechanism of Exchange in Reactive Polymer Blending, in Transreactions in Condensation Polymers, Kakirov, S., Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999. Bloembergen, S., Holden, D.A., Hamer, G.K., Bluhm, T.L., and Marchessault, R.H., Studies of Composition and Crystallinity of Bacterial Poly()3-hydroxybu-tyrate-co-jS-hydroxyvalerate), Macromolecules, 19, 2865,1986. 

Other methods are based on polymer blends of two immiscible polymers, a water-soluble matrix [e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol)] and an insoluble fiber-forming component [e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate)]. Upon exfrusion, the streamlined flow characteristics produce a fibrillary morphology. The matrix is extracted after cold drawing. The resulting foamed slurry is then filtered off and spun into microfibers with a diameter of 0.1-10 pm. Using this method, ultrasuperfine fibers with counts of 10 " dtex are obtained for use as filter material [81]. 

These systems, whose phase characteristics resemble those of the polyblends discussed in Chapter 3, can be prepared by first blending the molten polymers together until the minor component is dispersed in the form of droplets that are small in comparison to the fiber diameter desired (Allied Chemical Corp., n.d. Buckley and Phillips, 1969 Hayes, 1969 Mumford and Nevin, 1967 Papero et a/.,1967). The material is then melt-spun and drawn in order to orient both constituents and cause the dispersed phase to form elongated cylinders or fibrils. For satisfactory dispersion, the viscosities of both components must be comparable (for a discussion of rheological effects in molten polymer blends, see Section 9.6). An important biconstituent system is based on a combination of nylon 6 with a linear polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate), with nylon 6 as the continuous phase (Buckley and Phillips, 1969). As shown in Figure 9.5, fibrils of polyester... 

Zachmann et al. [124] have taken advantage of these suggestions, describing not a polymer blend but binary and ternary copolyesters prepared from poly(ethylene-terephthalate), poly (ethylene-naphthalene-2,6-dicarbonoxylate), and poly(p-hydroxy-benzoate). This example is very instructive and clearly shows the practical value of phase diagrams in general and especially of the procedure suggested above. 

Polyphenylene ether (PPE) and polystyrene Partially incompatible polymer blends Polyethylene and polyisobutylene Polyethylene and polypropylene (5% PE in PP) Polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate... 

Systematic study of the mechanism of formation of the 3-D network in the case of polymer blends with H-bonding demonstrated that this process takes place in the melt before the drawing step, and the subsequent cold drawing results in drastic reduction of the diameters of the network elements. This conclusion was proved by SEM observation of melt blended samples taken immediately after the extruder die. They were treated with water in order to extract the PVA and analyzed by SEM. A blend of PVA with glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG) was used for these experiments. 

P, and Pivsa-Art, S. (2011) Preparation of polymer blends between poly (L-lactic acid), poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) for blow film industrial application. Energy Procedia, 9, 581-588. 

Research efforts on filled polymer blends have been more focused on nanopartide-filled systems [42, 43]. One usual observation is the same as those with microscopic fillers - polar nanofillers localize in more polar phases [44—53]. In cases where both phases are polar or nonpolar, the filler particles have been observed to be expelled from both phases in the blend [54—56]. Selective localization of nano-sized partides has been an interesting topic of research. We discuss some of the results here. Gahleitner et al. [57] observed a preferential localization of clay particles in PA6 droplets in PA6/PP blends. Recall that day, espedally montmorillonite, is highly polar in both its pristine and various organically modified forms [58-62]. Similarly, Wang et al. [63] reported selective localization of clay particles in maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM-MA) rubber droplets in poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/EPDM-MA blends. Selective localization of fillers other than clay particles has also been reported. Eor instance, Ou and Li [64] observed that toluene diisocyanate modified titania particles selectively localized in PA6 droplets in PP/ PA6/titania blends. 

The invention [79] relates to a thermally conductive moldable polymer blend comprising a thermoplastic polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET),... 

Chapter 7, Polybutylene Terephthalate, from LG Chem, describes the science and technology of PBT blends, compounds, and composites. The chapter offers details on the advantages of different polymer blends, types of fiber, and mineral and fiber-mineral hybrid reinforcements as well as chemical and hydrolysis resistance, flammability, and other PBT attributes. The author states that the most important apphcations of PBT are automotive and electrical, electronics and telecommunications, as well as precision engineering and general mechanical engineering, and concludes that the ability to modify for various applications, combined with a range of reinforcement and blend, has enabled PBT as one of the most widely used engineering polymers. ... 

Polycarbonate + Poly(ethylene terephthalate) PC + PET, Polycarbonate + Liquid crystall polymer PC + LCP, Polycarbonate -I- Poly(butylene terephthalate) PC -t- PBT, Poly(ethylene terephthalate) + Polystyrene PET - - PS, Poly(butylene terephthalate) - - Polystyrene PBT + PS Polymer Blends IV... 

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