Poly polycondensation

There has been a great deal of interest since the mid 1970s in photoelectron spectrometry and the ionization potentials of various A,B-diheteropentalenes have been summarized <84CHEC-I(4)1037>. The photoelectron spectrum of thieno[3,2-6]thiophene (12) was measured in the solid state as well as in the gas phase and has been investigated in comparison with linearly polycondensed poly thiophenes, (66) and (67) <92JCS(P2)765>. 

Besides other linear polycondensates, poly(ester-imide)s with benzophenone structures were claimed [273] as useful for producing photographic images by exposure through a photographic mask. The varnishes were dried at 80 °C, giving on a copper substrata a 1.2 my layer. Exposure is made with a 1000 W UV lamp. The exposed areas, crosslinked by benzophenone hydrogen abstraction, are insoluble and the unexposed areas of the film are removed with N-methyl-pyrrolidone. 

The answer to this important question came when a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was applied to stained ultrathin slices of injection molded LDPE/PET samples with an MEC structure [52,55,56]. The results for two cases of the polycondensate/poly-olefin type of MFCs are shown in Figure 11.9. 

Polyglycolide Poly(s-carpolactone) Acid Polycondensates Poly(L-lactide) Poly(y-butyrolactone) Poly(ethylene succinate)... 

The second category of polymerization reactions does not involve a chain reaction and is divided into two groups poly addition and poly condensation [4]. In botli reactions, tire growth of a polymer chains proceeds by reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization. In polycondensations a low-molecular-weight product L is eliminated, while polyadditions occur witliout elimination ... 

Poly(phenylquinoxaline—arnide—imides) are thermally stable up to 430°C and are soluble in polar organic solvents (17). Transparent films of these materials exhibit electrical insulating properties. Quinoxaline—imide copolymer films prepared by polycondensation of 6,6 -meth5lene bis(2-methyl-3,l-benzoxazine-4-one) and 3,3, 4,4 -benzophenone tetracarboxyUc dianhydride and 4,4 -oxydianiline exhibit good chemical etching properties (18). The polymers are soluble, but stable only up to 200—300°C. 

Poly(l,3,4-oxadia2ole-2,5-diyl-vinylene) and poly(l,3,4-oxadia2ole-2,5-diyl-ethynylene) were synthesi2ed by polycondensation of fumaramide or acetylene-dicarboxamide with hydra2ine sulfate in PPA to study the effect of the two repeating units on polymer electronic and thermal properties (55). 

Synthesis and Properties. The synthesis of (21) follows a very straightforward route based on readily accessible starting materials and on some novel reactions ia organo—inorganic sulfur chemistry (83—85), as well as on polycondensation chemistry analogous to that utilized ia the preparation of poly(alkyl/arylphosphazenes). One preparation of (21) is as follows ... 

Nucleophilic Substitution Route. Commercial synthesis of poly(arylethersulfone)s is accompHshed almost exclusively via the nucleophilic substitution polycondensation route. This synthesis route, discovered at Union Carbide in the early 1960s (3,4), involves reaction of the bisphenol of choice with 4,4 -dichlorodiphenylsulfone in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of an alkaUbase. Examples of dipolar aprotic solvents include A/-methyl-2-pyrrohdinone (NMP), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sulfolane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Examples of suitable bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate. In the case of polysulfone (PSE) synthesis, the reaction is a two-step process in which the dialkah metal salt of bisphenol A (1) is first formed in situ from bisphenol A [80-05-7] by reaction with the base (eg, two molar equivalents of NaOH),... 

Baneijee et al. reported a number of soluble poly-imido [134], polyazomethine [135], and polyazoxy phos-phonates [136] by the two phase polycondensation method with or without any phase transfer catalyst. Resulting polymers exhibit high thermal stability and fire retardancy. 

The reaction of ACPC with linear aliphatic amines has been investigated in a number of Ueda s papers [17,35,36]. Thus, ACPC was used for a interfacia] polycondensation with hexamethylene diamine at room temperature [17] yielding poly(amide)s. The polymeric material formed carried one azo group per repeating unit and exhibited a high thermal reactivity. By addition of styrene and methyl methacrylate to the MAI and heating, the respective block copolymers were formed. 

Recently, various polyesters such as poly(ethylene adipate), poly(tetramethylene adipate), poly(caprolac-tone), and poly(aliphatic carbonate), having terminal hydroxyl groups, were reacted with ACPC to give corresponding macroazoesters and their thermal behaviors were observed by DSC [14]. The block copolymers of these polycondensation polymers with addition polymers such as PSt and PMMA were synthesized [14]. 

Fig. 18. Electronic absorption spectra of a poly(schiff base) obtained by polycondensation of 4,4 -diacetyldiphenyl sulfide and p-phenylenediamine (1) and of its complex with iodine (2)...

Maleic anhydride, 98 g (1.0 mol), 148 g (1.0 mol) of phthalic anhydride, and 160 g (2.1 mol) of 1,2-propanediol are poly condensed in a three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a nitrogen inlet, and a distillation head connected to a condenser and a receiver flask. The flask is placed in a salt bath preheated at 160°C. Water begins to distill and the temperature is then raised gradually to 190°C. The polycondensation is stopped (after about 15 h) when the reaction mixture has an acid number of 50 (see Section 2.3.8.4.1) (Scheme 2.54). A slightly different procedure is described in ref. 423. 

Poly(poly(alkylene terephthalate)-Woc -poly(oxyalkylene)) thermoplastic elastomers are prepared by the bulk polycondensation of dimethyl terephthalate with a mixture of 1,4-alkanediol and hydroxy-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) in... 

The AICI3-catalyzed polycondensation of diphenyl ether with a mixture of terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride is a relatively inexpensive route to poly(ether ketone)s. The polymerizations were carried out in chlorinated solvents... 

Polysulfonation of self-polycondensation of 4-(phenylthio)benzenesulfonyl chloride was also used to prepare poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)s.245,246 Condensation of diphenyl sulfide with d -oxydibenzenesulfonic acid or d.d -thiodibcn/cnc-sulfonic acid247 or by poly etherification of poly condensation of DC DPS with d.d -dihydroxydiphenol sulfide occurred.5... 

AB-type polycondensations, 330 AB-type polymers, 135 Accelerated weathering tests, 245 Acceptor-catalytic polyesterification, 75 4-Acetoxy benzoic acid, poly esterification of, 74... 

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Poly(unsaturated ester)-siloxane segmented copolymers have been prepared by the polycondensation of epoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes and carboxy-terminated poly(ethylene adipate-co-maleate) oligomers 243). Reactions have been conducted in cellosolve solvent, at 140-150 °C, in the presence of 2% by weight potassium hydroxide catalyst. The molecular weights reported were fairly low. The same group has also prepared poly(hexamethylene adipate)-polydimethylsiloxane copolymers con-... 

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