Polyaniline fluorinated

Niessen, J., U. Schroder, M. Rosenbaum, and F. Scholz. 2004. Fluorinated polyanilines as superior materials for electrocatalytic anodes in bacterial fuel cells. Electrochem Commun 6 (6) 571-575. 

FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide films, PVP poly(4-vinylphenol), Au-PVS/N-PANI gold electrode modified with LbL film of poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) (PVS) and nanostructurated polyaniline (N-PANI)... 

Zhou et al. [43] used the same experimental apparatus to evaluate the mechanical performance of cotton fabric that was rendered superhydrophobic by incorporation of polyaniline and fluorinated alkylsilane via a facile vapor phase deposition process. The applied pressure was 3.68 kPa. The authors demonstrated that their surface could maintain water APCAs greater than 150° for 600 abrasion cycles but they did not mention anything about hysteresis values. 

Additives used in final products Fillers antimony trioxide, aramid, barium sulfate, boron nitride, calcinated kaolin, carbon black, carbon fiber, glass fiber, glass spheres, mica, montmorillonite, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc borate Antistatics antimony-doped tin oxide, carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, polyisonaphthalene Antiblocking calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, silicone fluid, spherical silicone resin, synthetic silica Release calcium stearate, fluorine compounds, glycerol bistearate, pentaerythritol ester, silane modified silica, zinc stearate Slip spherical silica, silicone oil ... 

Film preparation All filtered, doped polyaniline salt and blend solutions were solution cast onto a Teflon coated glass substrate. They were covered with a glass dish to allow for slow evaporation (over a period of 24 hours) of the solvent at room temperature. HFIP, with a boiling point of 60 "C, allows gentle stripping at room temperature. All films were peeled off the Teflon tape substrate and (Med in a dynamic vacuum oven at 75 C for approximately 24 hours. From fluorine elemental analysis, percent residual HFIP solvent in films was less than 0.5% (wt/wt). This casting process from HFIP produced robust, free standing and solvent f e polyaniline / nylon blend films. 

Conductivity of the anode is important to MF C performance. One method that has been suecess-fully used to increase conductivity and current densities of MFC is the application of the eonductive polymer polyaniline (Schroder etal., 2003). However, performance was only improved temporarily as polyaniline was shown to be unstable and susceptible to microbial degradation (Niessen et al., 2004). While these findings would seemingly limit polyaniline s potential contribution to future MFC designs research has suggested that it may be possible to improve both the stability and performance of polyaniline by making composites combined with fluorine, carbon nanotubes (Qiao et al., 2007) and titanium dioxide (Qiao et al., 2008). 

Other applications of FTIR in microstructural analysis of homopolymers include 1,4-diazophenylene - bridged Cu-phthalocyanine [63], isobornyl methacrylate [64], polypropylene [65, 66], polyaniline [67, 68], polycaprolactone [69], viscose fibres [70], Kevlar [71], polystyrene sulfonic acid [66, 72], syndiotactic polystyrene [73], isotactic polypropylene [66,74,75], polyurethane [76], PMMA [75, 77], poljmrethane ether [78], PE [79-80], fluorinated acrylates [81], rigid PU [82], N-(2-biphenyl)4-(2 phenylethynyljphthalamide [83], polyacrylic acid [84], polysodium styrene sulfonate [84], and polyacrylic acid [85]. 

Structural studies of polymer surfaces materials that have been studied include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [22], PMMA-polypyrrole composites [23], poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound 1,4,8,11 tetrazacrylotetra decane poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound theonyl trifluoroacetone [24], polydimethyl siloxane-polyamide copolymers [25], PS [26], ion-implanted PE [27], monoazido-terminated polyethylene oxide [28], polyurethanes [29], polyaniline [30], fluorinated polymer films [31], poly(o-toluidine) [32], polyetherimide and polybenzimidazole [33], polyfullerene palladium [34], imidazole-containing imidazolylethyl maleamic acid - octadecyl vinyl ether copolymer [35], polyphenylene vinylene ether [36], thiphene oligomers [37], fluorinated styrene-isoprene derivative of a methyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer [38], polythiophene [39], dibromoalkane-hexafluorisopropylidene diphenol and bisphenol A [40], and geopolymers [41],... 

Enhanced performance was also reported for anode modification with conductive polymers. A commonly used conductive polymer, polyaniline, can increase the current densities of MFC anodes. But it is also susceptible to microbial attack and degradation [39]. Schroder et al. [18] reported that a platinum electrode covered with polyaniline achieved a current density up to l.SmAcm in an MFC. Modification of polyaniline can improve its performance and stability, such as fluorinated PANI [40], PANI/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite [41], and PANI/titanium dioxide composite [42]. 

Another research area involves the study of different kinds of polymers that can be used as materials that have low observable properties with respect to radar. On the one hand, the high-frequency dielectric properties of such electronically conducting polymers as polyaniline and polypyrrole have been under investigation, and, on the other hand, a number of ultralow-dielectric-constant fluorinated polymers have been synthesized and studied. 

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