Poly ammonium chloride

Molybdenum Oxides. Molybdenum was one of the first elements used to retard the flames of ceUulosics (2). Mote recently it has been used to impart flame resistance and smoke suppression to plastics (26). Molybdic oxide, ammonium octamolybdate, and zinc molybdate ate the most widely used molybdenum flame retardants. Properties ate given in Table 5. These materials ate recommended almost exclusively for poly(vinyl chloride), its alloys, and unsaturated polyesters (qv). 

Allyl polymers are made by free-radical polymerization of diaHyl compounds, most frequently diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) [7398-69-8] forming a chain containing a five-membered ring (28) poly(DADMAC) [26062-79-3]. 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

Some polymers from styrene derivatives seem to meet specific market demands and to have the potential to become commercially significant materials. For example, monomeric chlorostyrene is useful in glass-reinforced polyester recipes because it polymerizes several times as fast as styrene (61). Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) [9003-59-2] a versatile water-soluble polymer, is used in water-poUution control and as a general flocculant (see Water, INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FLOCCULATING AGENTs) (63,64). Poly(vinylhenzyl ammonium chloride) [70304-37-9] h.a.s been useful as an electroconductive resin (see Electrically conductive polya rs) (65). 

Shipment ndStora.ge. The crystalline material is shipped as a nonha2ardous material, in polyethylene-lined fiber dmms. The solution can be shipped in dmms or bulk. Suitable materials of constmction for handling ammonium thiocyanate are aluminum, 316 stainless steel, mbber, poly(vinyl chloride), and glass-reinforced epoxy. Steel, 304 stainless steel, and copper alloys should be avoided (375,376). 

Nearly all uses and appHcations of benzyl chloride are related to reactions of the active haUde substituent. More than two-thirds of benzyl chloride produced is used in the manufacture of benzyl butyl-phthalate, a plasticizer used extensively in vinyl flooring and other flexible poly(vinyl chloride) uses such as food packaging. Other significant uses are the manufacture of benzyl alcohol [100-51-6] and of benzyl chloride-derived quaternary ammonium compounds, each of which consumes more than 10% of the benzyl chloride produced. Smaller volume uses include the manufacture of benzyl cyanide [140-29-4], benzyl esters such as benzyl acetate [140-11-4], butyrate, cinnamate, and saUcylate, benzylamine [100-46-9], and benzyl dimethyl amine [103-83-8], and -benzylphenol [101-53-1]. In the dye industry benzyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of triphenylmethane dyes (qv). First generation derivatives of benzyl chloride are processed further to pharmaceutical, perfume, and flavor products. 

Chisso-Asahi Fertilizer Company, Ltd. This company utilizes thermoplastic resins, such as polyolefins, poly(vinyhdene chloride), and copolymers, as their coating materials. The coatings are dissolved in fast-drying chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents and are appHed to a variety of substrates including urea, diammonium phosphate [7783-28-0] potassium sulfate [7778-80-3], potassium chloride [7447-40-7], and ammonium nitrate/potassium sulfate-based N—P—K fertilizers. 

Poly (ac ry lamide-dia 11 y I diet hy I ammonium- chloride [ PoIyamido-onlines. pAM-DAOEAm-CI )... 

In another study, uniform composite polymethyl-methacrylate/polystyrene (PMMA/PS) composite particles in the size range of 1-10 fim were prepared by the seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene [121]. The PMMA seed particles were initially prepared by the dispersion polymerization of MMA by using AIBN as the initiator. In this polymerization, poly(7V-vinyl pyrolli-done) and methyl tricaprylyl ammonium chloride were used as the stabilizer and the costabilizer, respectively, in the methanol medium. Seed particles were swollen with styrene monomer in a medium comprised of seed particles, styrene, water, poly(7V-vinyl pyrollidone), Polywet KX-3 and aeorosol MA emulsifiers, sodium bicarbonate, hydroquinone inhibitor, and azobis(2-methylbu-... 

Poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) Alkoxylated fatty oil OiW [787]... 

A combination of aluminum chlorohydrate and a polyamine, such as poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride), in aqueous solution is effective at elevated temperatures for an oil-in-water emulsion [787]. 

The extent of hydrolysis of the copolymers was determined by conductometric titration. The increase in carboxylate content was determined by difference, before and after hydrolysis. (The AMPS content of the polymers, where measured, was determined by colloid titration with poly [diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride].)... 

Polymers in which the quarternary nitrogen atom is part of a five- or six-membered ring comprise the second class of polymers. The ring forms part of the polymer backbone as indicated by the second and third polymer repeat units given in Table I. The member of this class cited in several patents is poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) abbreviated poly(DMDAAC). 

Xanthan Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl- R/F methacryoxyethyl-dimethyl ammonium Chloride) C/L I/P M/H H/M... 

In this study, we report the release properties of two new polyelectrolyte materials poly(acrylamido-methyl-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS) and poly (diallydimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), which were used as anionic and cationic carriers, respectively, for oppositely charged drugs. These polymers proved to be very promising and practical as erodible carriers for controlled drug delivery as they are available commerically. Binding ionic moieties to the linear polymer backbone can be done by a simple mixing process. 

Military propellants are based on relatively powerful oxidisers and fuels of high calorihc value in order to develop an improved thrust or impulse. Thus the most commonly-used oxidisers are potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate or more esoteric compounds such as hydrazinium nitroformate. Metallic fuels include aluminium, magnesium and beryllium, while binders are mainly hydrocarbons such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyurethane or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as presented in Table 3.2. 

Work with supported ionic liquids was extended to a cationic polymer, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), which has quaternary ammonium functional groups (Fig. 16) 268). The extra-structural counter anion is Cl . The polymer was applied to simultaneously incorporate an ionic liquid and a transition-metal catalyst via a simple mixing of the components. Wilkinson s catalyst and [BMIM]PF6 were... 

The per(poly)fluoroalkylation of olefins by per(poly)fluoroalkyl chlorides, initiated by ammonium peroxydisulfate and sodium formate, is also reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly in polar aprotic solvents. The presence of functional groups like sodium car-boxylate or sulfonate in the polyfluoroalkyl chloride appears to facilitate the reaction. This reaction represents the first example of the reactivity of per(poly)fluoroalkyl chlorides. 

To enhance the shelf life of finished paper product, the step 1 product was applied below its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Materials additized above the CMC formed insoluble gels when aged for 8 days at 73°C. The CMC ranges was determined using glyoxalated poly(vinylamide-co-diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) containing 90 wt% vinylamide and are provided in Table 1. 

Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (VBC) is an ideal starting material onto which a variety of functional groups can be attached through relatively simple reactions and mild reaction conditions. Functionalized polymers are of interest in a variety of applications including but not limited to fire retardants, selective sorption resins, chromatography media, controlled release devices and phase transfer catalysts. An example of the wide applicability of functionalized polymers is provided by trimethyl ammonium functionalized poly(VBC). 

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