Particulate source

Particulates Procedures for testing a particulate source are more detailed than those used for sampling gases. Because particulates exhibit inertial effects and are not uniformly distributed within a stack, sampling to obtain a representative sample is more complex than for gaseous pollutants. EPA Method 5 (as shown in Fig. 25-32) is the most widely used procedure for determination of particulate emissions from a stationary source. In-stack samphng guidehnes are presented in EPA Method 17. 

Kowalczyk GS, Gordon GE, Rheingrover SW. 1982. Identification of atmospheric particulate sources in Washington, D.C. using chemical element balances. Environmental Science and Technology 16 79-90. 

Cooper, J. A. Watson, J. G., Jr. "Review of Air Particulate Source Impact Assessment Methods", This Symposium. 

Cooper, J.A. and Watson, J.G. (1980). "Receptor Oriented Methods of Air Particulate Source Apportionment," Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 30, 1115. 

Air Particulate Source Apportionment" Air Pollution Control Association, 1978, (10). 

Maximum occupancy of the fill room to ensure highest degree of airflow dismption and exposure to bacterial and particulate sources. Typical occupancy is three operators. 

Cooper JA and Watson JG Jr. (1980) Receptor oriented methods of air particulate source apportionment. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 30 1116-1125. 

The scope of this section has been limited to an introduction to the most widespread anthropogenic particle emission sources. There are multiple additional sources of primary and secondary particulate sources, including, but not limited to waste incineration, construction, agricultural processes, cigarette smoke and fugitive emissions. 

Particle characterisation can be applied to both core samples and surface sediments to obtain information on the impacts of changes through time at a site or the impacts of contemporary emissions across a region, respectively. Such information is useful for policy formulation and in terms of targeted emission reductions, whether to protect a sensitive environment or the health of a population, source identification for airborne pollutants is vital. Supporting evidence can also be provided for long-range transport models as particulate sources may be identified from external sources (e.g. Davies et al., 1984). 

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