Natural pollution

An extensive source of natural pollutants is the plants and trees of the earth. Even though these green plants play a large part in the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis, they are still the major source of hydrocarbons on the planet. The familiar blue haze over forested areas is nearly all from the atmospheric reactions of the volatile organics... 

N. M., Vroon, P.Z., Widianarko, B. 2005. Natural pollution caused by the extremely acidic crater lake Kawah Ijen, East Java, Indonesia. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 12(2), 89-95. 

Based on total atmospherically derived sulfur (natural+pollution). 

Hindawi, I. I. Natural Pollutants in Staten Island, New York and Perth Amlx, New lers as Reflected on Vegetation. Paper Presented at New York/New lers Air Pollution Abatement Conference 1968. 24 pp. 

Chloride ion is one of the most important natural pollutants influencing corrosion particularly in the tropical humid conditions of Cuba and Campeche in Mexico however, its role may change depending on climate. A very humid climate can cause a fast leaching of the chloride ions and decreases its effect on the acceleration of corrosion rate. A different acceleration rate has been reported for chloride ions between Eastern and Western Caribbean... 

Natural Pollution of the Oceans, Frequently overlooked is what may be termed natural 1 pollution, which, when coupled with artificial (anthropogenic) pollution, contributes to the sum total of all pollutants found in fresh and ocean waters worldwide. Deep fissures in the ocean floor, fumaroles, and seamounts (underwater volcanoes) release megatons of sulfur-laden and other noxious gases into ocean water other discontinuities in the ocean basins release vast quantities of crude oil and other hydrocarbons. Surface volcanoes are major contributors to atmospheric pollution, much of which ultimately affects Earth s hydrosphere. The present dissolved solids content of the oceans represents natural water pollution that has taken place ever since the land masses rose above sea level—through a constant erosion of soil. 

What is clean air Unpolluted air is a concept of what the air would be if humans and their works were not on earth, and if the air were not polluted by natural point sources such as volcanoes and forest fires. The true composition of unpolluted air is unknown because humans have been polluting the air for thousands of years. In addition there are many natural pollutants such as terpenes from plants, smoke from forest fires, and fumes and smoke from volcanoes. Table 4.1 lists the components that, in the absence of such pollution, are thought to constitute clean air. 

Pollutant realism Is achieved when the test system Includes sufficient diversity of components and the physical and chemical properties so that the pollutant behaves In the test system as it would In nature. Pollutant realism Is lacking because, In most test protocols, the pollutant does not Interact with any part of the environment, except the organism. A lack of pollutant realism In traditional tests may result In overestimates of risk. As an example, substantial Information Is now available about the toxicity of TCDD to numerous species when they are exposed via Injection, Incubation, diet, or dermal application. At Times Beach, Missouri, the TCDD is In the soli, and because It has apparently been there for some time, It is probably tightly bound to the soil. Little Is published about the toxicity of TCDD bound to soil, for any means of exposure. Intuitively, I suspect the TCDD Is less toxic when bound to soil than In the forms commonly used In toxicity testing. Thus, the risks of TCDD-lnduced toxicity to humans at Times Beach may be much smaller than would be suggested by the results of traditional testing which lacks this aspect of pollutant realism. 

Tarzia, M., De Vivo, B., Somma, R., Ayuso, R. A., McGill, R. A. R., and Parrish, R. R (2002). Anthropogenic vs. natural pollution An environmental study of an industrial site under remediation (Naples, Italy). Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal. 2, 45-56. 

At the Bagnoli brownfield site, Tarzia et al. (2002) (as part of his PhD program with University of Naples Federico II) carried out a study aimed to discriminate anthropogenic pollution sources from natural pollution sources. For this study, heavy metals and Pb isotope data from soils, waste materials, scum, and slag samples from the brownfield site were used. 

Apart from the 1-sample case, natural pollution gradients, for example, in a stream below a point pollution source or in whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing,... 

The developments in the field of photo-initiated AOPs over the last decade undoubtedly indicate their large-scale feasibility with some restrictions concerning the costs of these processes as stand-alone systems, the long-term reliability of the system components (lamps etc.) and the possible formation of undesirable byproducts in some cases. However, photo-initiated AOPs have many similarities with nature s own self-repair mechanisms of natural pollution. Many of them can be adapted, in particular solar AOPs, for use in developing countries. 

All trajectories were classified into groups, first by the type of air masses (warm, cold and transforming), and then by six types of sources of natural pollution. 

One of the most important sources of natural pollutants is volcanie eruptions. During a voleanie eruption, huge amounts of gases and partieulate matter are released into the atmosphere. Sulphur oxides (SOx) belong to the major eonstituents of these gases. The ultraviolet radiation coming to the Earth is scattered and absorbed by voleanie particles and gases (Wayne, 2000). 

Local Sources Natural Pollutant / Organic 2. Municipal. Dissolved Particulate... 

The presence of mycotoxin producing fungi have been demonstrated as a natural pollutant in several plant products including cereals, grains and feedstufifs in many countries of Europe, USA, Canada and several Asian countries... 

Sea surface enrichment " Pb, Mn °Sr, Pb NO As(CH3)2, Hj, NO2 Atmospheric input -natural - pollution, bomb tests - photochemistry Biological production... 

A wide range of urban, industrial and agricultural practices can, if not properly managed and controlled, generate significant pollutant pressures, and if the natural pollution attenuation capacity of the shallow subsurface is exceeded, groundwater pollution often results. 

Toxicity Comparison of the Sediment Contact Tests in Natural Polluted Sediments... 

Pollution caused by radionuclides can be divided into natural pollution (caused chiefly by radon gas) and man-made pollution (mainly caused by the nuclear power industry). 

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