Rivers, impact

Redalje, D.G, Lohrenz, S.E., and Fanenstiel, G.L. (1994) The relationship between primary production and the vertical export of particulate organic matter in a river-impacted coastal ecosystem. Estuaries 17, 829-838. 

Bervoets L, Solis D, Romero AM, et al. 1998. Trace metal levels in chironomid larvae and sediments from a Bolivian river Impact of mining activities. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 41 275-283. 

We know that manganese nodules near the continent have a lower manganese and higher iron content than deep-sea manganese nodules. Iron hydroxide colloids coagulate, as already described, earlier than those of man nese hydroxides. Therefore the first precipitation from the river impact near the continental border should Iw enriched in iron, and the precipitates more distant from the continental border should have lower iron and higher manganese contents. 

Peng Bin, Lv Jun Huang Zhen-Xian. 2007. The main source of pollution which into the river impact for drinking water sources analysis. Journal of Peoples Yangtze, 04 125-126. 

According to Leme et al. (2008), mixtures of PAHs, present in water of rivers impacted by petroleum, can induce cell death in the meristematic cells of root tips of the plant Allium cepa. 

Groundwater. One approach to minimizing the environmental impact of excess nitrogen in groundwater migrating into rivers and aquifers is to intercept the water with rapidly growing trees, such as poplars, that will use the contaminant as a fertilizer. 

Once the source modeling is complete, the quantitative result is used in a consequence analysis to determine the impact of the release. This typically includes dispersion modeling to describe the movement of materials through the air, or a fire and explosion model to describe the consequences of a fire or explosion. Other consequence models are available to describe the spread of material through rivers and lakes, groundwater, and other media. 

A variety of models have been developed to study acid deposition. Sulfuric acid is formed relatively slowly in the atmosphere, so its concentrations are beUeved to be more uniform than o2one, especially in and around cities. Also, the impacts are viewed as more regional in nature. This allows an even coarser hori2ontal resolution, on the order of 80 to 100 km, to be used in acid deposition models. Atmospheric models of acid deposition have been used to determine where reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions would be most effective. Many of the ecosystems that are most sensitive to damage from acid deposition are located in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Early acid deposition models helped to estabUsh that sulfuric acid and its precursors are transported over long distances, eg, from the Ohio River Valley to New England (86—88). Models have also been used to show that sulfuric acid deposition is nearly linear in response to changing levels of emissions of sulfur dioxide (89). 

Ice and hail, snow, etc. can cause a loss of off-site power. The reactor building was designed to withstand blast pressure of 1,000 Ibs/ft can withstand tornado missile impact (Sharp, 1986). A tornado could damage the reactor by hitting the river water pump houses similar to the flooding scenario. 

Over the course of human history rivers have reflected the impact of human activity. Since the beginnings of the great civilizations 5000 years ago, humankind, in its pursuit of agriculture, exploration and conquest, has exploited and mistreated the environment on a broad scale. Major changes on the face of the earth occurred. Forests were cut, pastures grazed, fields cleared and plowed "... as the landscape was carved to fit the new economic demands of humankind." (7). Such changes have been well documented (2-5). 

A Semi-quantitative Approach Erosion and Deposition. Over the centuries the primary impact of human activity has been to deforest the surrounding countryside and increase the rate of erosion and deposition into rivers. This results primarily from the destruction of vegetation cover which stabilizes soil systems on gradient. The ecological impact of erosion has at present reached catastrophic proportions. The magnitude of continental erosion into rivers is illustrated in Figure 3. 

Figure 3. Process for assessing impact of human land use activity on river quality.

Table 3. Matrix for Estimating Interactive Erosional Impact of Land-use Activities with Terrain Properties of Geology Land Slope, MolaUa River Basin, Oregon ...

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