Plectranthus

Riiedi, P. Neue Diterpene aus Blattdriisen von Plectranthus barbatus (Labiatae) Die absolute Konfiguration der 2-Hydropropyl-Seitenkette in Coleon E. Helv. Chim. Acta 1986, 69, 972-984. 

Cerqueira, F. Corderio-Da-Silva, A. Gaspar-Marques, C. Simoes, F. Pinto, M. M. M. Nascimento, M. S. J. Effect of abietane diterpenes from Plectranthus grandidentatus on T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2004, 12, 217-223. 

Gaspar-Marques,C. Rijo,P. Sim5es, M. F. Duarte,M. A. Rodriguez, B. Abietanesfrom Plectranthus grandidentatus and P. hereroensis against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Phytomedicine 2006, 13, 267-271. 

Arihara, S. Riiedi, P. Eugster, C. H. Diterpenoide Driisenfarbstoffe Coleone S und Taus Plectranthus caninus Roth (Labiatae), ein neues Diosphenol/traMS-A/B-6,7-Diketon-Paar aus der Abietanreihe. Helv. Chim. Acta 1977, 60, 1443-1447. 

The terpenoids may also be used for the identification of the various taxa [9]. They were initially used extensively as taxonomic markers of gymnosperms, mainly due to their abundance in the leaves of conifers. In contrast, the terpenoids of angiosperms have been poorly researched, possibly due to their irregular distribution in such families e.g. in a survey of 34 species of Plectranthus (Labiatae) [10], 18 were found to have excellent oil profiles, with up to 32 components, but the remainder of the species failed to give any leaf volatiles. Compared with other secondary... 

Coleus diterpenoids. Coleus species have been a rich source of highly oxidized spiroabietanes, a number of which have been described recently. Coleons M (36 R = Ac), N (37), P (38), Q [12a-hydroxy-epimer of (38)], and coleon R, which possesses 3a-, 12a-, and 6/8-acetoxy-groups and a 7a-hydroxy-group, have been isolated39 from Plectranthus caninus whereas coleon O (36 R = H) was isolated from Coleus somaliensis. 

Horminone Salvia deserta, Plectranthus GABAA-R chloride current... 

Butyl acetate Plectranthus coleoides (Lamiaceae), Musa OD-R (candy, sweet)... 

Nobel, P.S., Zaragoza, L.J., and Smith, W.K. 1975. Relation between mesophyll surface area, photosynthetic rate, and illumination level during development for leaves of Plectranthus parviflorus Henckel. Plant Physiol. 55 1067-1070. 

The mint family (Labiatae or Lamiaceae) is a large group of dicotyledonous plants occurring worldwide in all types of climates except in extreme arctic and antarctic conditions. There are about 3,000 species in the mint family and 200 genera. The most diverse groups are the genus Salvia with 500 species, Hyptis with 350 species, and Scutellaria, Coleus, Plectranthus, and Stachys, each with 200 species. 

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spieng The essential oil contains limonene, linalool, myrcene, thymol, bomeol, camphene, a-amorphene and P -cubebene (65). A root decoction is used for treatment of stomach pain (35). 

Plectranthus barbatus Andr. This species contains a wide range of mono-and sesquiterpenoids including humulene and P-caryophyllene, 5-selinene, bomeol, camphene, P -phellandrene, a-ionone and a-thujene (65). The leaves are used as a purgative and for stomachaches. Leaves are soaked in warm water and the water is used to bath babies with measles (35). 

Plectranthus marrubioides Benth The semi-dried leaves of P. marrubioides yielded about 4% oil containing mainly 64% camphor, and less amounts of a-phellandrene (8.5%) and ocimene (4.2-9.3%). Owing to the high content of camphor, this oil could therefore be useful in making medicinal preparations such as a local anesthetic, remedy for muscular and rheumatic pains and for respiratory conditions (66). 

Plectranthus sylvestris Gtirke oil is reported to contain p -caryophyllene and germacrene D (65). The plant is used for treatment of abdominal pain, malaria, headaches and aching chests (35). 

Plectranthus tenuiflorus (Vatke) Agnew The partially dried leaves of P. tenuiflorus yielded oil (1.6%) that contained carvacrol (14%), a-terpinene (10%), p-cymene (11%) as the major constituents, while the hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (a-cubenene, p-cubenene, 5-cardinol, y-cardinol, a-copaene) amounted to about 26% (67). 

The essential oils of some plants from Kenya were evaluated for mosquito repellence against Anopheles gambiae on the forearms of human volunteers. The oils of Croton pseudopulchellus, Mkilua fragrans, Endostemon teresticaulis, Ocimum forskolei, Ocimum fischeri, Plectranthus longipes, Conyza newii and Plectranthus marrubioides were all found to be more potent than DEBT, the synthetic repellant. The activity of each of the oils of Lippia javanica, Lippia ukambensis and Tetradenia riparia was similar to that of DEBT, but the oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus was less potent (87,88). 

Plectranthus barbatus contains an essential oil that exhibits anti-allergic activities through passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibition (65). ... 

Plectranthus marrubioides Kenya imports all the camphor used in the local industry. The camphor content in the essential oil of P. marrubioides would be a good source for use in the pharmacentical industry, especially for preparatiorrs such as local anesthetics, remedies for rheirmatic and mnscular pairts and for respiratory conditions. These potential nses justify cultivation of this plant on a commercial scale. The plant is easily propagated from cnttings. It can withstand adverse weather conditions and can also co-exist with other plants as an rmdergrowth in forests (66). 

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) - - limonene, linalool, myrcene, thymol. 65... 

Plectranthus barbatus Andr. humulene and P-caryophyllene, 5-selinene, borneol, camphene, p -phellandrene, a-ionone, a-thujene 65... 

Plectranthus marrubioides Benth. Leaves SD 4 camphor, a-phellandrene, ocimene 66... 

Plectranthus tenuiflorus(Vatke)Agnew Leaves SD 1.6 carvacrol, a-terpinene,/)-cymene 67... 

Plectranthus sylvestris Gtirke Muoro (Meru), Nginga (T aita) L,R Leaves are ground and the juice is taken for abdominal pain. For treatment of chest pain, two small cuts are made on the chest and the juice from ground leaves is squeezed into the cuts. The roots are boiled with Clerodendron johnstonii and Cassia didymobotrya for treating malaria and headaches (35)... 

Batista et al. (58) used an overlay method in the bioassay-guided fractionation of an acetone extract of the roots of Plectranthus hereroensis (Labiatae) to isolate the antibacterial diterpene (Compound 14). Staphylococcus aureus was used as the test organism. 

More than 20 quinoid 13,16-cycloabietanes, named as eoleones A-Z, oeeur in the yellow glands in the leaves of Afriean Coleus speeies (Labiatae). Lanugone A isolated from Plectranthus lanuginosis (Labiatae) represents a quinoid n(lS)-abeo-abietane. Totaranes sueh as (-l-)-totarol and the derived biphenyl-type dimer (-t)-podototarine are found in the wood of Podocarpus totara (Cupressaeeae). 

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