Plastics fabrication

Plastics Fabrication and Processing. The apphcation of microwave or r-f energy in various stages of fabrication of plastic products is widespread. Most apphcations operate at low frequency, ca 27 MHz. The estabhshed processes are weU known (180). 

A. F. Readdy, Jr., Plastics Fabrication by Ultraviolet, Infrared, Induction, Dielectric and Microwave Radiation Methods, Plastec Report R43, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J., Apr. 1976. 

Elastomers, plastics, fabrics, wood and metals can be joined with themselves and with each other using nitrile rubber/epoxy resin blends cured with amines and/or acidic agents. Ethylene-propylene vulcanizates can also be joined using blends of carboxylated nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and a reactive metal filler (copper, nickel, cobalt). However, one of the largest areas of use of nitrile rubber modified epoxy systems is in the printed circuit board area [12]. 

Severe corrosion can be caused by organic acid fumes such as acetic or formic acids. These can be liberated by new wood, especially oak, and also by varnishes, glues, urea formaldehyde, plastics, fabrics and drying-oil paints, which can liberate fumes for a considerable time after application ... 

Source Concise Encyclopedia of Plastics Fabrication Industry, by Rosatos, Kluwer Publ, 2000 Injection Molding Handbook, 3ed Edition, by Rosatos, Kluwer Publ., 2000. 

Certain plastics provide higher strength and stiffness a broad range of properties exit. Even though there are literally over 35,000 plastics available worldwide (for all plastic fabricating processes) only a few hundred are used in RPs. In turn only a few of those are predominantly used in most of the RPs. The thermoplastics (TPs) include principally nylons and polypropylenes, as well as polycarbonates, acetals and polyesters. Thermosets (TSs) include predominantly polyesters as well as epoxies, phenolics and urethanes. 

Basically the variable cost elements are those elements of piece cost whose values are dependent on the number of pieces produced. For most plastics fabrication processes the principal variable cost elements are the material, direct labor, and energy costs. 

Important for the reader to recognize is that new plastic material data as well as plastic fabricated product data is endless because of what can be done in the production of plastic materials as well as fabricating equipment. Thus the importance of keeping up to date... 

Concise encyclopedia of plastics Fabrication industry , Donald V. Rosato, Marlene G. Rosato, and Dominick V. Rosato, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000). This practical and comprehensive book reviews virtually the A-to-Z of the plastics industry by using over 20,000 entries. Each of... 

Inlay or overlay They can be applied to plastic fabricating processes such as moldings during or after molding. 

Quality system regulation The past good manufacturing practice (GMP) and process validation (PV) was renamed to quality system regulation (QSR). It is important for the medical device industry (that uses an extensive amount of plastics) and also in other product industries where they want to follow strict processing procedures. It sets up an important procedure for many plastic fabricators to consider that targets to ensure meeting zero defects. 

Rosato, D. V., Concise Encyclopedia of Plastics Fabrication Industry (25,000 entries), Kluwer, 2000. 

The first reports of plastic in the North Atlantic indicated the presence of 50-12,000 particles/km in the Sargasso Sea in 1972 (52) and from 0-14.1 particles per m in coastal waters of southern New England (42), where the main source was river-borne effluents from plastic fabrication plants (44). Plastic objects discarded from boats and from recreational activities on beaches were the main sources of debris in Narragansett Bay, being deposited at a rate of 9.6 g m of beach front per month (53). During a detailed survey off the southeast coast of the United States (43, 54), fragments of plastic were present in about 70% of the samples collected from the waters of the continental shelf, the continental slope and the Gulf Stream between Florida and Cape Cod, 50% of those from the Caribbean Sea, and 60% of those from the Antilles Current. Since unprocessed plastic was more prevalent in continental shelf waters and fabricated objects were common offshore but rare near land, the authors surmised... 

Polyethylene pellets were Very abundant" on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, particularly near plastics fabrication factories (39, 40). Wastes from these factories and spillage during cargo loading and transport of raw materials were considered to be the major sources. Similarly, wastes from local plastic fabrication factories were thought to be the source of pellets on the beaches of Lebanon (40). 

The efficacy of ethylene oxide treatment depends upon achieving a suitable concentrahon in each article and this is assisted greatly by the good penetrating powers of the gas, which diffuses readily into many packaging materials ineluding mbber, plastics, fabric and paper. This is not without its drawbacks, however, since the level of... 

The waste from the separation is called waste-derived fuel (WDF) or solid recovered fuel (SRF). It is normally composed of materials with good calorific power, such as paper, plastics, fabrics, and wood. These materials are only the rejects that cannot be recycled, due mainly to the level of contaminants they contain. 

This paper deals with the plate-out characteristics of a variety of materials such as metals, plastics, fabrics and powders to the decay products of radon and thoron under laboratory-controlled conditions. In a previous paper, the author reported on measurements on the attachment rate and deposition velocity of radon and thoron decay products (Bigu, 1985). In these experiments, stainless steel discs and filter paper were used. At the time, the assumption was made that the surface a-activity measured was independent of the chemical and physical nature, and conditions, of the surface on which the products were deposited. The present work was partly aimed at verifying this assumption. 

I. G. Farben first subdued nature in ten thousand ways, then shipped the marvelous products of that victory across the seven seas. Its business has touched the life of every man and woman in the world. Often an unrecognized guest, it has visited every American home, with dyes, plastics, fabrics. If Farben did not make your bathroom fixtures, your shaving mug, or even your razor, your wife surely owes much of her prettification — from Easter hat to synthetic stockings — to I. G. Farben. 

Plastics Compounding Redbook, 19 543 Plastics fabrication 20 222-223 microwave technology in, 16 530 Plastic sheet specifications, 16 291 Plastic sheet thermoforming, 23 399 Plastics industry, titanium dioxide in, 25 25-26... 

Capacities increased parallel with the increase in consumption up to 1970 (Figure 4) after which they forged ahead of consumption. Petrochemistry on the one hand and plastics fabrication machinery on the other made enormous contributions to this rapid expansion. 

Polymer products Adhesives, adhesive tapes, sealants, latex emulsions, rubber materials, plastic fabrication, etc. Composition monitoring Rate of cure monitoring Product QC... 

They are used in many food products and pharmaceuticals to add flavours. Some of these families are manufactured for use as solvents (i.e., acetone) and for preparing materials like adhesives, paints, resins, perfumes, plastics, fabrics, etc. 

Other uses of iron oxide pigments are in porcelaine, rubber, paper, in floor and furniture stains, plastics, fabrics and in leather finishes. Iron oxides are especially suitable colourants for floor coverings as their resistance to alkali enables them to... 

The evaluation of diffusion samplers reported in this paper was initiated as an internal project at Arthur D. Little, Inc., to develop for ourselves a base of data which would help us to judge the utility of diffusion samplers in our work. Diffusion samplers were purchased from the two firms active in the marketplace when the field study began (early 1979), Abcor and 3M. A program was devised wherein, during each of approximately 50 surveys being undertaken in plastic fabrication plants, four to six diffusion samplers would be exposed, each adjacent to a charcoal tube personal sample. At the conclusion of the field sampling, a data base of over 100 pairs of samples (each pair including a diffusion sample and a charcoal tube sample) had been compiled for each of the two diffusion samplers. 

We are rapidly exhausting the earth s supply of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), which are also raw materials for plastics, fabrics, and many essential items. We face a major problem when the supply of raw materials is gone. Moreover, burning fossil fuels increases C02 in the atmosphere, which threatens to alter the climate. 

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