Plastics directive

Another important orienting fabricating procedure concerns applying directional properties to reinforced plastics. This subject is reviewed in Chapter 3, DESIGN CONCEPT, Reinforced Plastic Directional Property. 

Selecting an approach Off-flavors are typically due to volatile compounds present at extremely low levels. (Flavor is sensed more by the olfactory system than the tongue, which senses only 5 flavors, sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami). GC is ideal for detecting low levels of volatile components. In this case, headspace GC will allow you to treat the plastic directly. Since the off-flavor is suspected to be derived from the polypropylene packaging material, you decide to compare different samples ( good vs. bad ) of the material using headspace GC with both a flame ionization detector (FID) and a sniff port. These chromatograms are shown in Fig. 21.9. 

Regenerate cellulose Plastics directive Ceramics directive... 

The Plastics Directive foresees 2 restrictions for this monomer. The reasons for that will be recognized after the following discussion. 

The method developed in the BCR project (Franz and Rijk 1997) to determine butadiene in all of the official food simulants and probably also in real foodstuffs was pre-validated by a collaborative trial with three laboratories. It was found appropriate in principle for the quantitative determination of butadiene at a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg in food simulants. Indeed the limit of detection was found to be in the range 4 to 9 (J-g/kg, thus being even in the worst case significantly lower than originally presumed when establishing the Plastics Directive limit of 0.02 mg/kg. 

The Plastics Directive foresees a QM value as a restriction criterion for ECH. As a consequence a pre-validated QM method was developed in the BCR project entitled Determination of the residual content of epichlorohydrin (ECH) in coatings . Similar to the BADGE discussion to justify determination of an area-related QM value, in this method it is stated that epichlorohydrin is mainly used in coatings on a non-plastic support. Therefore the amount of coating on a final article (e.g. coated cans) cannot be determined within an acceptable accuracy and, in consequence, the amount of residual epichlorohydrin should be measured and related to the area and given in mg/ dm2. The method was found to be appropriate for the quantitative determination of ECH at 1 pg per dm2 of coating. In general this allows for the detection of ECH at the level of 1 mg/kg polymer. 

Figure 3.4 Examples of reinforced plastic directional properties...

The completion of harmonisation of rules for plastic food contact materials and articles is within sight. The finalisation of the positive list for authorised additives is likely to happen in 2008. In 2007 the Commission will, besides the Community list of authorised additives, publish a list of additives authorised at national level for which a valid application for EU authorisation has been made to EES A. Only these substances may be used until evaluation is finalised by EES A and a decision on authorisahon is taken by the European Commission. Another project in the plastics sector is the extension of the rules to multimaterial multilayer structures where the plastic layer is in contact with the food. At this moment only plastic materials which consist entirely of plastic are covered by the plastics Directive. These materials, when they are made up from layers of plastic, constitute only about 15% of the mutilayer market. Other multilayer materials such as beverage cartons, which consist of a food contact layer of plastic and aluminium and/or paper, are not yet covered by specific legislation. Extension of the plastics mles to these materials will have to take into consideration requirements for the non-plastic layers and establish mles for migration testing of these materials. 

Basic requirements for active and intelligent materials have been set in the Framework Regulation. However, some issues need further clarification. The main issues are the applicability of the requirements of the plastics directive to active and intelligent plastic materials, especially compliance with overall and specific migration limits, rules for non-plastic active and intelligent materials, risk assessment of active ingredients and if necessary conditions/restriction of their use, and mles on the efficacy of the materials in relation to instructions for their use and protection of the consumer. 

This chapter is primarily devoted to assessing the safety of FCMs with the next section discussing in depth the requirements of EU Plastics Directives and how compliance with the legislation is demonstrated (see also Chapters 3 and 5). Section 10.4 reviews degradation products, whilst sections 10.5 and 10.6 are concerned with future trends in plastics materials and sources of further information. 

Substances used in the manufacture of adhesives for laminated materials are not specifically listed in the Plastics Directive 2002/72/EC. Within the EU,... 

The inertness of lead-stabilized PVC can be demonstrated by extraction studies. Eor instance, several studies have shown that the amount of lead extracted from lead-stabilized water pipes is negligible when tested according to the requirements of the EU plastics Directive (2002/72/EC) which specify the maximum amount of lead that can be extracted from plastics in contact with food which includes drinking water [148]. 

Melt-to-mold thermoforming takes this to the ultimate step by extruding the melted plastic directly onto a chilled chrome cylinder that contains the thermoforming dies. In addition to energy savings, this process reduces thermal stress in the finished containers. 

Basically, birefringence is the contribution to the total birefringence of two-phase materials, due to deformation of the electric field associated with a propagating ray of light at anisotropically shaped phase boundaries. The effect may also occur with isotropic particles in an isotropic medium if they dispersed with a preferred orientation. The magnitude of the effect depends on the refractive index difference between the two phases and the shape of the dispersed particles. In thermoplastic systems the two phases may be crystalline and amorphous regions, plastic matrix and microvoids, or plastic and filler. See amorphous plastic coefficient of optical stress compact disc crystalline plastic directional property, anisotropic ... 

The solid feed descends via gravity into the hopper and into the screw channel, where it is conveyed and compressed, and then melted (or plasticated ) directly into the screw channel. Melted polymer is mixed in order to obtain a homogeneous melt. It is then removed and finally pumped through the... 

The Commission of European Communities (EEC) has compiled a number of Directives relating to plastics used in food contact applications. The Framework Directive 76/893/EEC was issued in 1976 and a new Framework Directive 89/109/ EEC which governs all food contact materials was issued in 1989. In 1990 a Plastics Directive 90/128/EEC [1] was issued to be followed by several amendments, the fourth amendment being issued in March 1996 and the fifth in December 1996. 

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