Plasticizers 1-16 INDEX

Plastic fibers Plastic films Plastic hardcoats Plasticity Plasticity index... 

Physical properties involve tests of the physical index parameters of the materials. For spent foundry sand, these parameters include particle gradation, unit weight, specific density, moisture content, adsorption, hydraulic conductivity, clay content, plastic limit, and plastic index. These parameters determine the suitability of spent foundry sand for uses in potential applications. Typical physical properties of spent green foundry sand are listed in Table 4.5. 

Plastic limit/plastic index Nonplastic AASHTO T90/ASTM D4318... 

For compacted, low-permeability soil liners, the U.S. EPA draft guidance recommends natural soil materials, such as clays and silts. However, soils amended or blended with different additives (e.g., lime, cement, bentonite clays, and borrow clays) may also meet the current selection criteria of low hydraulic conductivity, or permeability, and sufficient thickness to prevent hazardous constituent migration out of the landfill unit. Therefore, U.S. EPA does not exclude compacted soil liners that contain these amendments. Additional factors affecting the design and construction of CCLs include plasticity index (PI), Atterburg limits, grain sizes, clay mineralogy, and attenuation properties. 

SpecialChem (2009) SpecialChem4 coatings Hexamoll Applications. Specialchem 2009. http //www.specialchem4coatings.comAc/plasticizers/index.aspx id=application. Accessed April 2010... 

Plastic bags Plastic beads Plastic bearing materials Plastic cements Plastic drums Plastic electronic packagf Plastic encapsulant Plastic fibers Plastic films Plastic hardcoats Plasticity Plasticity index Plasticity retention index Plasticization... 

Winkler, Peter, ed. Polymers—They re Everywhere. National Geographic Society. Available online. URL http //www. nationalgeographic.com/education/plastics/index.html. 

The difference between the liquid limit and the plasticity limit of a soil or similar material. Also termed the plasticity index . See also Atterberg Limits, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit. 

Lose Weight Deflaaration Plasticity index Flow Penetration arade Densitv... 

Primarily silts with plasticity index of <8 Impervious Deposits—Primarily Low High 0.4-0.5 Not recommended... 

TABLE 12-6. VARIATION OF SEPARATION AND CRITICAL NOMINAL PRESSURE WITH PLASTICITY INDEX... 

ASTM Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils (D 4318-83)... 

Parameter Plasticity index 10% Fines value Soundness (mag. suit) Other... 

The first method really provides a measure of the cohesiveness or bonding power of the clay. To a stiff clay-water mixture a non-plastic material, such as graded sand, is added a little at a time, until the clay-sand-water mixture falls apart. The percentage of sand (based on the dry weight of the clay) necessary to cause this is the plasticity index or bonding power of the clay. 

The specific gravity is directly proportional to the plasticity index of the refuse. As the plasticity index increases, the specific gravity also increases. The plasticity index for coarse coal refuse can range from non-plastic up to a value of 16 ... 

Generally, any proposal to incorporate a nonconventional material, and particularly a waste or by-product material, into a pavement structure requires, in addition to an engineering evaluation, an investigation of its physical (size distribution, specific gravity, specific surface area, hygroscopic moisture, plasticity index) and chemical properties (pH, composition, absorption capacity). These properties need be addressed prior to determining the acceptability of the material in order to determine the environmental, occupational health and safety, recyclabiUty, economic and implementation issues. Such an evaluation is complicated by the number of technical disciplines as well as institutional considerations that must be included in the process. 

Keneghan, B. (2005). Plastics preservation at the V A. V A Conservation foumal [online] No. 50, Summer 2005. Available from http //www.vam.ac.uk/res cons/ conservation/joumal/number 50/plastics/index.html [Accessed 2 July 2007]. 

OSHA in alliance with the Society of Plastics Industry maintains a web page of information relevant to the plastics industry at www.osha.gov/SLTC/plastic/index.html. 

This correction factor was shown to vary with the plasticity index (PI) of the soil as shown in Figure 4.21. Aas et al. (1986) presented the correction factor (X) as a function of Sufieid and (existing effective overburden stress) in Figure 4.22. An alternate correction methodology was presented by Young et al. (1983). They recommended the following ... 

Vane shear test correction factor as a function of plasticity index. (From Bjerrum, L., Embankments on soft ground. Proceedings on Performance of Earth Supported Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, 11, 1-54, 1972. Reprinted with permission of ASCE.)... 

The variation of P as a function of plasticity index is shown in Figure 4.24. 

Atterberg limits Liquid limit (Ll) Plasticity index (PI)... 

Fine-grained soil which contains clay minerals in the presence of water can be remolded. As the amount of water in the soil increases the material moves through various physical states. These states are solid to semisolid to plastic and finally to a liquid state. The Atterberg limits describe the firmness (i.e., consistency) of this remolded soil with varying moisture contents. The transition from semisolid to plastic state is defined as the plastic limit. The point of transition from plastic to liquid state is defined as the liquid limit. Both of these limits are defined in terms of water contents using simple mechanical tests. A third limit defined as the plasticity index is the difference in percent water content between the liquid limit and the plastic limit. The test procedure has been described in detail in ASTM (D4318). 

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