Plastics, plasticity

Separator Not required Plastic Plastic Plastic Plastic LilS... 

However, it is also important to consider the intermolecular forces between the plasticizer molecules themselves and between plasticizer and polymer. Unless all these interactions-i.e., plasticizer-plasticizer, plasticizer-polymer, and polymer-polymer-are the same order of magnitude, there can be no plasticizing action. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) 4-Oxaheptane-2,6-diol AI3-01233 Bis(2-hydroxypropyl) ethen BRN 1698372 2,2 -Dihydroxydipropyl ether 1,1 -Dimethyldiethylene glycol EINECS 203-821-4 HSDB 2854 NIAX catalyst D-19 NSC 8688 1,1 -Oxybis-2-propanol 1,1 -Oxydipropan-2-ol 2-Prop-anol, 1,1 -oxydi- 2-Propanol, 1,1 -oxybis-. Used as a solvent In polyester and alkyd resins, reinforced plastics, plastics, plasticizers and solvents. Liquid bp = 233 d = 1.023 soluble in H2O, organic solvents irritant mildly toxic by ingestion. Allchem Ind. Arco AsNand Berje Broun Chem. Co. Coyne Great Western Olin Corp PMC Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. Texaco. 

Plastic Resin Plastics (%) Plastics (%) Plastics (%) Total Sample... 

Plastic fibers Plastic films Plastic hardcoats Plasticity Plasticity index... 

Waterproof is normally used to describe plastic, plastic-coated, or nonbreathable fabrics. However, the term has been used for some chemically coated fabrics that aUow the penetration of air. 

Plasticizers. Plasticizers (36—38) are often added to a binder to reduce cross-link density and increase flexibiHty. Plasticizers improve toughness, springback, and flexibiHty, but degrade overall green strength. Additionally, plasticizers can increase the sensitivity of a binder system to moisture. 

Elastic Behavior. Elastic deformation is defined as the reversible deformation that occurs when a load is appHed. Most ceramics deform in a linear elastic fashion, ie, the amount of reversible deformation is a linear function of the appHed stress up to a certain stress level. If the appHed stress is increased any further the ceramic fractures catastrophically. This is in contrast to most metals which initially deform elastically and then begin to deform plastically. Plastic deformation allows stresses to be dissipated rather than building to the point where bonds break irreversibly. 

Plasticity. Plasticity may be defined as the property of a material that permits it to be deformed under stress without mpturing and to retain the shape produced after the stress is removed. When water is added to dry clay in successive increments, the clay becomes workable, that is, readily shaped without mpturing. The workabiUty and retention of shape develop within a very narrow moisture range. 

Plasticizers. Plasticizers are materials that soften and flexibilize inherently rigid, and even britde polymers. Organic esters are widely used as plasticizers in polymers (97,98). These esters include the benzoats, phthalates, terephthalates, and trimeUitates, and aUphatic dibasic acid esters. Eor example, triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate) [95-08-9] is a plasticizer for poly(vinyl butyral) [63148-65-2] which is used in laminated safety glass (see Vinyl POLYMERS, poly(vinyl acetals)). Di(2-ethyUiexyl)phthalate [117-81-7] (DOP) is a preeminent plasticizer. Variation of acid and/or alcohol component(s) modifies the efficacy of the resultant ester as a plasticizer. In phthalate plasticizers, molecular sizes of the alcohol moiety can be varied from methyl to tridecyl to control permanence, compatibiUty, and efficiency branched (eg, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl) for rapid absorption and fusion linear (C6—Cll) for low temperature flexibiUty and low volatility and aromatic (benzyl) for solvating. Terephthalates are recognized for their migration resistance, and trimeUitates for their low volatility in plasticizer appHcations. 

Lead and Lead-Lined Steel Pipe Lead and lead-hned steel lipe have been essentially eliminated as piping materials owing to lealth hazards in fabrication and installation and to environmental objections. Lead has been replaced by suitable plastic, reinforced plastic, plastic-lined steel, or high-alloy materials. 

Glass—fiher-forming substance is glass. Metallic—composed of metal, metal-coated plastic, plastic-coated metal, or a core completely covered hy metal. 3.0-7.2 P G E P E E 2.54 600... 

Plastic Materials In comparison with metalhc materials, the use of plastics is limited to relatively moderate temperatures and pressures [230°C (450°F) is considered high for plastics]. Plastics are also less resistant to mechanical abuse and have nigh expansion rates, low strengths (thermoplastics), and onlv fair resistance to solvents. However, they are lightweight, are good thermal and elec trical insiilators, are easy to fabricate and install, and have low fric tion factors. 

VINCENT, p. I., Impact Tests and Service Performance of Plastics, Plastics Institute, London (1971)... 

BROWN, w. j.. Laminated Plastics, Plastics Institute Monograph No. E4, London (1961)... 

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