Plants allium

Montes-Bayon, M. et al. Evaluation of different sample extraction strategies for selenium determination in selenium-emiched plants (Allium sativum and Brassica juncea) and Se speciation by HPLC-ICP-MS. Talanta 2006, 68, 1287-1293. 

Oil of Garlic. Volatile oil from bulb or entire plant Allium sativum L., Liliaceae. Constit Allylpropyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, ally sulfide, qv. 

Several sulfiir-containing amino acids, other than cysteine, cystine, and methionine, are found in higher plants. Allium (Liliaceae) species often contain sulfur compounds that are lachrymatory in nature (Fig. 13.17). Among these species are chives, garlic, onion, and leeks. The compounds involved are 5-substituted cysteine sulfoxides and their hydrolysis... 

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fimgi were propagated in pot-culture over leek plants Allium porrum L.). Spores were isolated by wet-sieving and sucrose gradient techniques and preserved by lyophilization (Dalpe, 1991). The 16 studied species are listed in Table 1. 

Grandmougin, A., Dalpe,Y., Veignie, E., Rafm, C. Sancholle, M. 1995. Infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae of leek plants Allium porrum L.) effect on lipids, in Kader, J.C. Mazliak, P.(eds), Plant Lipid Metabolism, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 444-446. 

INFECTION BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS GLOMUS MOSSEAE OF LEEK PLANTS (ALLIUM PORUML.) EFFECT ON LIPIDS... 

According to Leme et al. (2008), mixtures of PAHs, present in water of rivers impacted by petroleum, can induce cell death in the meristematic cells of root tips of the plant Allium cepa. 

Only four plant species, i.e., Vicia faba, Allium cepa, Pisum sativum and Triticum turgidum, responded adequately to the Feulgen procedure, and were considered for use in the successive experiments. These species, together with the corresponding mutagenic compounds used and the mutagenicity tests adopted (see below in Sect. 2.4.) are listed in Table 4. 

Plants of the genus Allium, e.g. garlic Allium sativum), leek Allium amp-eloprasum), and onion Allium cepa), produce a bewildering variety of sulfur compounds. Selenium analogs for some of these have also been found (Section 11.1.3.6). Much work has focused on garlic (contains more than 100 such materials) and onion.56,66,67 Key compounds for formation of the Allium sulfur-containing secondary metabolites are sulfoxides of cysteine derivatives,... 

Malinconico M, Immirzi B, Massenti S, La Mantia FP, Mormile P, Petti L (2002) Blends of poly-vinylalcohol and functionalized polycaprolactone. A study on the melt extrusion and post-cure of films suitable for protected cultivation. J Mat Sci 37 4973 1978 Mallek SB, Prather TS, Stapleton JJ (2007) Interaction effects of Allium spp. residues, concentrations and soil temperature on seed germination of four weedy plant species. Appl Soil Ecol 37 233-239. doi 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.07.003... 

The effect of applied plant residues can be positively influenced by an increase of temperature. Mallek et al. (2007) established that dried and milled crop residues of onion (Allium cepa L.) or garlic (A. sativum L.) were able to reduce seed germination of barnyard grass (E. crus-galli (L.) R Beauv.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), london rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.) during their decomposition in soil, but only at the elevated (39°C) soil temperature. It can support combination of methods for weed control, in this case allelopathy with soil heating treatments (e.g., solarization). 

Mallek SB, Prather TS, Stapleton JJ (2007) Interaction effects of Allium spp. residues, concentrations and soil temperature on seed germination of four weedy plant species. Appl Soil Ecol 37 233-239... 

The experiment with 0.5 g/mL of erode extracts of different parts of Allium plants (bulb, green leaf, white stalk) showed the inhibition of acrosin and trypsin activities, mostiy the red onion and garlic extracts. These results demonstrated that spermicidal effect of Allium extracts is determined also by their capacity of protease inhibition. The red onion extract shows the higher antioxidant capacity and a very low cytotoxicity. 

The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibition effect of ome Allium aqueous extracts on acrosin and trypsin activities, a new aspect in the wide spectrum of Allium compound activities. The antioxidant capacity, probably responsible for antithrombosis and antitumoral effects, was determined for different parts of Allium plants (bulb, green leaf, white stalk). The toxicity of crude extracts was also determined. 

Fresh plant materials, Allium sativum (bulb and green), Allium cepa rubra (bulb) wA Allium cepa (bulb and green), were homogenized separately in physiological saline (pH 7.4). Homogenates were centrifuged at 10,000 g at 4°C for 30 min. 

Trypsin inhibition activity was determined by measuring the decrease of trypsin activity in the presence of Allium extracts. The results obtained with different types of extracts (bulb, stalk, green leaf-0.5 g/iuL) are presented in Fig. 41.2. All determinations were carried out in triplicate. The higher inhibition activity was obtained with red onion bulb extract (18.55 0.14 Ul/min or 27.94 0.21 U/g fresh plants). Onion bulb extract shows also a high trypsin inhibition (18.48 0.035 UFmin, 27.83 0.053U/g), and all extracts of garlic (bulb, leaf and stalk) show activities between 11.05 1.615 - 13.185 0.205 Ul/min (16.64 2.42 - 19.86 0.31 U/g). 

OrganosuUur compounds have been shown to modulate the activity of glutathione -transferases (GST), a family of enzymes important in detoxification of carcinogens [24], and cytochromes P450 (CYP), a family of enzymes that activate many chemical carcinogens in experimental animals [25]. The effect of proteases inhibition is a new aspect of the biological activity of these plants and further research should be carried out to identify the specific compounds from Allium or Allium products that are responsible for this biochemical effect. 

Susceptible plants Leek, onions, chives, garlic, and other A///um species ornamental alliums are less susceptible. 

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