Garlic extracts

SHASHIKANTH K N, BASAPPA s c, SREENIVASA MURTHY V (1984) A Comparative study of raw garlic extract and tetracycline on caecal micro flora and serum proteins of albino rats. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 29 348-52. 

DFG method S19 (extended revision) multi-method L 00.00-34 of the Official Collection of Test Methods According to 35 LMBG has been validated for azoxystrobin in orange, garlic, kohlrabi, camomile, fennel seed and tea. Extraction module El, cleanup module GPC and detection module D4 (MSD) were used for orange, kohlrabi and garlic. Extraction module E2, cleanup modules GPC and Cl and detection module D4 (MSD) were used for camomile, fennel seed and tea. 

The experiment with 0.5 g/mL of erode extracts of different parts of Allium plants (bulb, green leaf, white stalk) showed the inhibition of acrosin and trypsin activities, mostiy the red onion and garlic extracts. These results demonstrated that spermicidal effect of Allium extracts is determined also by their capacity of protease inhibition. The red onion extract shows the higher antioxidant capacity and a very low cytotoxicity. 

The values of acrosin activity obtained by the method based on the Kennedy et al. assay are summarized in Table 41.1. The boar semen ( 6.5 x 10 spermatozoa/mL) was treated, or not, with plant extract (0.5 g/mL) and the inhibition of acrosin activity indicates the spermicidal effect of plant extracts, about 50% for red onion extract and 25% for garlic extract, for instance. 

Tumor cells Til and Vero cells viability after 72 hours of treatment with garlic extract... 

The tests for in vitro biocompatibility were performed on normal cells (Vero) and tumor cells (glioblastoma). No cytotoxicity was detected in cells (normal or tumor) cultured with red and white onion extracts at low concentrations (between 0% and 1%), the cell viability being aronnd 90%. At higher concentration, the viability decrease slowly at 80% (Fig. 41.4a). On the other hand, garlic extracts indnce toxicity both on normal and tnmor cells at very low concentrations (Fig. 41.4b). 

Sener, G., Sehirli, A. O., Ipci, Y., Cetinel, S., Cikler, E. and Gedik, N. 2005. Chronic nicotine toxicity is prevented by aqueous garlic extract. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 60 77-86. 

Lawson LD, Ranson DK, Hughes BG. Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic extracts and commercial garlic products. Thromb Res 1992 65 141-156. 

Garlic Extract + Thyme Extract Tablets Cores with Vitamin C (300 mg + 25 mg + 100 mg)... 

Aqueous garlic extract in combination with mustard oil reduces the chromosomal aberrations caused by sodium arsenate. Furthermore, both onion and garlic oil decrease the phorbol-myristate-acetate-induced tumor promotion. 

Garlic extracts have been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and fungi. In addition, garlic extracts have been shown to have antiviral properties. Onion extracts have also been shown to have antibacterial properties. 

A number of studies have focused on identifying the active antimicrobial principles in fresh garlic extract. Allicin has been identified as the active agent in garlic extracts. The antifungal activity of allicin has been shown to depend on the sulfhydryl moiety because activity is destroyed by thiols such as L-cysteine, glutathione, and mercaptoethanol. Ajoene, a compound found in oil-macerated garlic, has also been shown to have antimicrobial activity (Ali et al., 2000). 

Garlic oil and S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxide (Alliin), a garlic compound, exhibited similar antioxidant properties. Aged garlic extract prevents ischemia and reperfusion injuries to the heart and brain. 

ATTENUATION OF ISCHEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE BY AGED GARLIC EXTRACTS... 

The exact mechanism by which garlic oil may suppress Fe-NTA-mediated renal damage is not known. However, onion and garlic extracts have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis. 

Numagami, Y., Sato, S., and Ohnishi, S.T., Attenuation of rat ischemic brain damage by aged garlic extracts a possible protecting mechanism as antioxidants, Neurochem. Int., 29, 135-143, 1996. 

Garlic (Allium sativum L.)—garlic extract, dried garlic, oil Cebula—susz... 

Fresh garlic contains no iV -fructosylarginine however, in the manufacture of aged garlic extract (over 10 months or so), it increases progressively,24 providing potent... 

N. Ide, M. Ichikawa, K. Ryu, K. Ogasawara, J. Yoshida, S. Yoshida, T. Sasaoka, S.-I. Sumi, and H. Sumiyoshi, Antioxidants in processed garlic. II. Tetrahydro-b-carboline derivatives identified in aged garlic extract, in G, 2002, 449 150. 

Borek, C. 2001. Antioxidant health effect of aged garlic extract. J. Nutr. 131, 1010S-1015S. 

Lewin, G. and Popov, I. 1994. Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 2nd communication inhibition of the Cu(2 + (-initiated oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Arzneim-For sch. 44, 604-607. 

McCrindle, B.W., Helden, E., and Conner, W.T. 1998. Garlic extract therapy in children with hypercholesterolemia. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 152, 1089—1094. 

Munday, J.S., Jamesm, K.A., Fray, L.M., Kirkwood, S.W., and Thompson, K.G. 1999. Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation. Atherosclerosis 143, 399-404. 

Rahman, K. and Billington, D. 2000. Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans. J. Nutr. 130, 2662-2665. 

Ryu, K., Ide, N., Matsuura, H., and Itakura, Y. 2001. N alpha-(l-deoxy-D-fructos-l-yl)-L-arginine, an antioxidant compound identified in aged garlic extract. J. Nutr. 131, 972S-976S. 

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