Plant protection fruits

Communication does not merely mean a farm prospectus and business card. Communication is constant contact with the customer, using all available marketing instruments, and constant communication in the areas of production, plant protection, fruit processing and marketing, so as to keep abreast of the latest information. 

Owing to the prohibition of chemosynthetic pesticides under organic farming standards, there is a greatly reduced availability of intervention/treatment-based methods for disease and pest control in organic fruit production systems. The efficacy of the permitted biological control, extract or mineral element (e.g. S and Cu)-based crop protection products is also usually lower than of chemosynthetic pesticides. Permitted plant protection products show efficacies of between 60 and 80% while chemosynthetic fungicides and pesticides often have efficacy levels >95% (Tamm et al., 2004). 

As a result, organic fruit growers have to make maximum use of preventative or indirect plant protection measures, some of which were already described in terms of their effect on fruit quality (e.g. lower planting densities, see sections above). However, there remains an increased risk for pests and diseases causing stress, decreased photosynthetic activity and capacity. Also in certain sensitive cultivars, the application of permitted plant protection products (such as lime sulphur) can result in phytotoxic effects or latent stress in trees (Palmer et al, 2002). The decrease in photosynthetic activity by both pest/disease attack and pesticides may, in turn, result in reduced fruit quality. Both long-term latent and short-term acute side effects of organic plant protection products have not yet been sufficiently investigated. 

Mahmoud MF. Combining the botanical insecticides NSK extract, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinemema feltiae Cross N33 to control the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Plant Protect Sci. 2007 43 19-25. 

FEP resin See fluorinated ethylene propylene resin. lef e pe rez-on ferbam org chem C9H sFeN3S8 lron(lll) dlmethyldlthlocarbamate A fungicide for protecting fruits, vegetables, melons, and ornamental plants. for-bom ... 

Similar analysis can be made regarding the protection of the coffee plant and fruit. Here the activity of Difolatan plus its resistance to hydrolysis and greater persistence provides the more ideal combination of properties. Therefore, under the tropical, moist conditions of Kenya, Brazil, Central America and South India, particularly for Colletrichium infections, Phaltan and captan are mediocre and Difolatan is excellent. Incidentally, none of these compounds are systemic and the residue is entirely on the fruit, not on the bean. 

The economics of organic fruit production is largely dependent on the site. Since in organic fruit production it is only possible to make very limited use of chemicals for controlling disease and pests, the choice of site is of critical importance as a preventative measure for plant protection. The different requirements of particular species and varieties of fruit call for specific locations. To achieve economic success, the site condi-... 

In organic fruit production, greater importance is attached to preventive methods of plant protection. Since the choice of pesticides is very restricted in organic production and they are often less effective than in integrated production, the best possible use must be made of all methods of plant protection in order to achieve efficient results. 

This is why it is very important always to keep abreast of the latest developments with regard to choice of cultivars, the best production and plant protection techniques, and possibilities for fruit processing. 

The following products for plant protection are permitted for use in organic fruit growing in EU Regulation 2092/91 ... 

How to Attract Plant pollen and nectar plants protect garden from winds provide a water source buy 200-300 cocoons for a small garden or greenhouse or use 3-5 cocoons per plant, 5-10 per fruit tree. 

Prevention and Control Plant resistant cultivars. Prune trees to provide for good air circulation. Prune out and destroy damaged shoots. Pick off and clean up rotted and shriveled fruit. Spray with sulfur just before blos-.soms open and again after blossoming to protect the fruit. Another spray, just before harvest, will protect fruit from brown rot during storage. 

Khuankaew, O. (1995) IPM and Women. Report on Short Term Consultancy, Integrated Pest Management in Selected Fruit Trees Project, Thai-German Plant Protection Programme, Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangkok, Thailand... 

The natural products of a plant s secondary metabolism have been used in herbal medicine since the beginning of human history. Because the basic function of these chemicals is to protect the plant from attack, it is a logical strategy to investigate and improve the natural resistance of plants and fruit. This, therefore, requires the identification of those components involved in their natural defence response. Thus, modern laser-based techniques, of the type described in this section, are very useful not only as early and sensitive indicators for spoilage, but also to enhance namral resistance of crops. 

The azole fungicide Imazalil is described here for completeness sake. It has been used as a systemic active plant protection fungicide and for the protection of citrus fruits against mould infestation. 

Netted PE windbreak nets protect crops from damage caused by strong and severe winds, and improve plant health, quality, and yield. Crop protection from the wind enables plants to retain significantly more moisture. Wind breaks benefit field crops, vegetables, flowering plants, and fruit trees. They also protect crops near salt water from the salt present in ocean air. 

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