Preliminary Planning

As viewed in Figure 3.1, the front end loading has three phases business planning, preliminary engineering, and project planning. 

No off-site emergency plan (preliminary investigation indicates this to be possible). 

The MORT tools and techniques can be helpful in preparing a safety analysis report (SAR), the upstream safety product most frequently required for new DOE programs, but the more common system safety products (system safety program plan, preliminary hazard analysis, system/subsystem hazard analysis, operating hazard analysis) are not a dominant part of the MORT program and are seldom even referenced in System Safety Development Center (SSDC) documents. 

Concept Analysis of the Technical Plant after Planning. Preliminary hazard analysis and system structure analysis are intended to facilitate safety evaluation of the planned installation from the basic concept. Comprehensiveness of observation depends on the danger level of the installation. After concluding this work, basic changes in the technical procedure frequently become necessary and must be incorporated into the planning. 

Scope of work and descriptions To set the boundary values for the issue, system descriptions with plot plan, preliminary layout, P IDs/flow diagram, block diagram. 

In order to assess the feasibility of this synthetic plan, preliminary... 

Project planning Preliminary design Detailed design... 

EERC beheves that 137 utihties wih be required to open up their transmission networks. As of mid-1996, the NOPR is stih being debated. However, several states have adopted preliminary plans to open up the transmission networks of their regulated utihties by the year 2000 or shortiy thereafter. 

E-F Prepare preliminary control plan and O-P Procure constmction bids. 

The process engineer must plan for minimum flow provisions when making design calculations. For preliminary work, approximate the required minimum flow by assuming all the horsepower at bloeked-in eonditions turns into heat. Then, provide enough minimum flow to carry away this heat at a 15°F rise in the minimum flow stream s temperature. 

Project Control (factored and take off) 5% Mechanical Flowsheets, Preliminary Plot Plans, Location, Off Site Definition... 

Now you can reconsider the material balance equations by adding those additional factors identified in the previous step. If necessary, estimates of unaccountable losses will have to be calculated. Note that, in the case of a relatively simple manufacturing plant, preparation of a preliminary material-balance system and its refinement (Steps 14 and 15) can usefully be combined. For more-complex P2 assessments, however, two separate steps are likely to be more appropriate. An important rule to remember is that the inputs should ideally equal the outputs - but in practice this will rarely be the case. Some judgment will be required to determine what level of accuracy is acceptable, and we should have an idea as to what the unlikely sources of errors are (e.g., evaporative losses from outside holding ponds may be a materials loss we cannot accurately account for). In the case of high concentrations of hazardous wastes, accurate measurements are needed to develop cost-effective waste-reduction options. It is possible that the material balance for a number of unit operations will need to be repeated. Again, continue to review, refine, and, where necessary, expand your database. The compilation of accurate and comprehensive data is essential for a successful P2 audit and subsequent waste-reduction action plan. Remember - you can t reduce what you don t know is therel... 

It is a common experience in synthetic chemistry that a truly optimal ordering of a synthetic route may not be possible in the planning stage, but may have to determined experimentally. The precise information necessary for the complete and unambiguous evaluation of each step in a possible synthesis is hardly ever available. Nonetheless it is clearly wise to try to optimize a synthetic plan on the basis of available information before the experimental approach begins. Such an effort may suggest certain preliminary or "model" experiments that can be helpful in the choice or refinement of a synthetic plan. It is also obviously desirable to devise and consider alternate or bypass paths for each problematic step of a synthetic sequence. 

A company s PSM initiative deserves some special treatment to attract the initial attention that will help give it momentum. Depending on what is already in place, a special edition of the company newsletter could be produced, including a letter from the CEO and a copy of the PSM vision statement. Other information might include identification of the proposed PSM champion and a summary of the company s preliminary plans. (Two examples of such summaries appear as Figures 2-6 and 2-7.)... 

FIGURE 2-6. Example of Preliminary Company Plan Summary... 

FIGURE 2-7. Example of a Preliminary Divisional Plan Summary... 

The second matrix. Figure 2-9, helps you begin to estimate levels of effort and associated costs for your initial planning. Keep in mind that these can only be very preliminary estimates at this point. However, it s useful to start the process with this kind of discipline, recognizing that the results will be subject to continuous rehnement. 

To achieve these goals, we propose the following preliminary action plan. Establish a PSM Task Team. 

At this point in the process, you may find it useful to review the preliminary plan you presented for initial management approval (see Chapter2). That "first take" necessarily lacked the detail you are now able to provide. For example, your initial estimates of time requirements might have predicted 18 months for system design and installation now you reali2e that 24 months will be needed. While the initial plan will require changes, it should have components (organizational, stylistic, narrative) that can be adapted for use in the formal plan. 

In all cases the preliminary work (obtaining commitment, defining goals, and evaluating the current status) provides most of the information you will need to select and develop an implementation plan. 

Just as you presented a preliminary plan at the outset of the PSM initiative, you may want to think in terms of a formal presentation to your company s management when the detailed plan is complete. Remember that senior management s buy-in will be essential to successful implementation so will the endorsement of line managers at the operating level, who will be directly affected by your plan. 

Brief review of preliminary plan, presented previously... 

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