Planner

J. H. Feth, Water Facts andFiguresfor Planners and Managers, Pubhcation No. 24, U.S. Pubhc Health Service, Washington, D.C., 1962. 

Lowry, W. P., "Atmospheric Ecology for Designers and Planners." Peavine Publications. McMinnville, OR, 1988. 

Plan analysts and planners (air pollution control, environmental, urban, and unspecified). 

Air pollution control statistical planners, agricultural biologists, biologists, computer specialists, economists, management analysts, mathematicians, microbiologists, ph)rsicists, phytotoxicologists, researchers, research analysts, research scientists, research specialists, scientists (environmental and unspecified), statisticians, and statistical analysts. 

A Planner s Guide for Selecting Clean Coal Technologies for Power Plants, Technical Paper No. 387. Washington The World Bank, 1997. 

Answer The only reason I can think of for making the EPZ independent of plant size, safety features, demography and meteorology is the convenience of emergency planners. Such would take no consideration for the hazard a plant poses it would favor hazardous activity and penalize safe activity. 

The second kind of modeling is focused on the needs of the planner and HVAC engineer, who has to comply with certain criteria for heat delivery or removal for comfort and energy efficiency and from this has to select a certain type of component available on the market. Once the component is selected, only the performance of this component under variable load is of interest. This kind of modeling normally requires much less input, because actually only the change in performance from a given design point to a point for the actual load has to be determined. 

As is stated in the standard, all characteristics are important and need to be controlled. However, some need special attention as excessive variation may affect product safety, compliance with government regulations, fit, form, function, appearance, or the quality of subsequent operations. Designating such characteristics with special symbols alerts planners and operators to take particular care. It also alerts those responsible for dispo-sitioning nonconforming product to exercise due care when reaching their decisions. 

Provide for the production requirement to be documented and made available to the production planners. 

Don t permit product to skip planned inspections and tests without the prior authorization of the planners. 

In another plant the foreman allowed a planner to fix the tags for him and did not check that they were fixed to the right equipment. The foreman prepared one line for maintenance, but the tags were on another. 

In another incident a backhoe ruptured a 3-in. polyethylene natural gas pipeline fortunately the gas did not ignite. The drawings were complex and cluttered, and the contractor overlooked the pipeline. A metal detector was not used. This would have detected the pipe as a metal wire was fixed to it, a good practice. In a third incident a worker was hand-digging a trench, as an electric conduit was believed to be present. It was actually an old transfer line for radioactive waste, and he received a small dose of radioactivity. The planner had misread the drawing. 

Power system planners need to consider how the costs associated with electric vehicles should he passed along to consumers. Fortunately from a load balancing perspective, it is likely that most EV charging will occur in off-peak periods. Charging in off-peak periods would reduce utility costs and therefore should allow utilities to reduce customer rates, but this would require time of day metering that is not available in most service areas. 

Transportation planners and managers can point to financial disasters in the early application of new technology. They feel, with justification, that no coninnt-ment for a commercial system should be made until there is a good demonstration system that proves the technology. 

Electricity is a commodity that has captured the attention of Americans, from its creation to the present and onward to projections of the future. From an object of luxui-y to a mainstream staff of life and foiward into the sophisticated world of tomorrow, electricity has become a critical necessity. The criteria have become electricity on demand, reliably delivered, in sufficient quantities, and at the right price. At the heart of meeting this challenge is the utility planner. 

The planning processes described herein were traditional in nature, with little variation from year to year. Growth was steady, equipment technology advancements were available for the conditions expected, and while utility facilities were capital-intensive, a regulated guaranteed return on investment resulted in adequate financing capital. The utility planner had a vision of the future with acceptable accuracy. 

In the meantime, the utility planner struggles with how to approach the planning process in this changing environment. Perhaps these issues are more critical in the transition, since so many of the traditional parameters ol planning have disappeared, and lew new parameters have taken their place. 

One alternative to planning in this environment of unknowns is called scenario planning. Utility planners in 2000 continue to estimate resource requirements for five to ten years into the future. These resources could be constructed indigenous to their systems or external to their systems, or purchased from off-system. By considering multiple alternatives for generation sources, the planner can simulate power transfers from within and outside each system. The results of these scenario analyses can be used to estimate where critical transmission might be constructed to be most effective for wide-area power transfer. Similarly, analyzing multiple transfers across a system can provide further justification for a new transmission path. 

Sun, wind, and elements to make windows power-generation sources rather than energy losers will occur in the future. Designers, planners, and window industry visionaries foresee windows as dynamic, integrated, controllable appliances in the walls. Windows of the future may very well be automated home systems that serve many purposes. The technologies listed below are only a few in a list of hundreds that may improve efficiency, performance, and visibility. 

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