Pipeline plans

Pipeline planning and model building Controlling costs Controlling deadlines Commissioning plant Monitoring erection... 

Johnson, N., Ogden, J. A spatially-explicit optimization model Jot long-term hydrogen pipeline planning. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37, 5421-5433 (2012)... 

Singh, R. 2013. Chapter 7—Material Properties in Low Temperature Environment. In R. Singh (eds), Arctk Pipeline Planning. Gulf Professional Publishing Boston. 

The overall mathematical program to tackle the simultaneous SC design-retrofitting and product development pipeline planning so as to maximize the expected CV... 

Most major urban utilities typically have several large-diameter pipelines of different ages, installed in soils of varying corrosivity, operated and pressurized to different levels, possibly overloaded and deteriorated to unknown levels. Many of the records about the pipelines in major urban areas are either difficult to find or lost over the years, and arc often not readily available. Proactive utilities are beginning to compile the data and create databases with basic pipeline information, for example, age, material, pipeline plan and profile drawings, etc., and potential consequences of pipe failure at various locations in the system. 

The former Soviet Union constmcted a 262-km, 508-mm dia experimental coal slurry line between the Belovo open-pit coal mine in Siberia s Kuznets basin to an electric power plant at Novosibirsk, using technology developed by Snamprogetti. Testing began in late 1989 and tentative plans call for constmction of two much larger slurry pipelines, each 3000-km long, with capacity to move a total of 33 x 10 t/yr to industrialized areas near the Ural Mountains (27,33). 

Corrosion likelihood describes the expected corrosion rates or the expected extent of corrosion effects over a planned useful life [14]. Accurate predictions of corrosion rates are not possible, due to the incomplete knowledge of the parameters of the system and, most of all, to the stochastic nature of local corrosion. Figure 4-3 gives schematic information on the different states of corrosion of extended objects (e.g., buried pipelines) according to the concepts in Ref. 15. The arrows represent the current densities of the anode and cathode partial reactions at a particular instant. It must be assumed that two narrowly separated arrows interchange with each other periodically in such a way that they exist at both fracture locations for the same amount of time. The result is a continuous corrosion attack along the surface. 

Fig. 23-14 Close proximity of a PE-coated DN 600 gas pipeline and a 380-kV high-voltage line, (a) Plan view, (b) comparison between measured and calculated pipeline potentials without connected grounds, and (c) comparison between measured and calculated pipeline potentials with connected grounds.

The relative development of the infrastructure to transport C02 is still in its early stages. This is reflected by the low number of existing infrastructures developed to transport C02 from stationary sources into geological structures. Table 1 provides an overview of the current developments for C02 transportation globally. /Ml of these examples have been developed in relation to the EOR technique, where the C02 source is found mainly in natural reserves. In Europe, only a few projects are in operation, but there are plans to deploy an extended C02 pipeline network along Europe to optimise C02 storage structures. 

Gaseous hydrogen delivery pathway via pipelines and tube trailers. (After U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen, fuel cells and infrastructure technologies program multi-year research, development and demonstration plan, Section 3.2, Hydrogen Delivery, January 21, 2005.)... 

You are developing emergency evacuation plans for the local community downwind of your plant. One scenario identified is the rupture of an ammonia pipeline. It is estimated that ammonia will release at the rate of 10 lb/s if this pipeline ruptures. You have decided that anyone exposed to more than 100 ppm of ammonia must be evacuated until repairs are made. What evacuation distance downwind will you recommend ... 

Emergency plans are being formulated so that rapid action can be taken in the event of an equipment failure. It is predicted that if a particular pipeline were to rupture, it would release ammonia at a rate of 100 Ib/s. It is decided that anyone exposed to potential concentrations exceeding 500 ppm must be evacuated. What recommendation will you make as to the evacuation distance downwind Assume that the wind speed is 6 mph and that the sun is shining brightly. 

Baku- Erzurum Baku (Azerbaijan) via Tbilisi (Georgia) to Erzurum (Turkey), linking with Turkish natural gas pipeline system Planned 254 Bcf capacity 540 miles 1 billion (includes up to 500 million to construct new Azeri section) November 2000 inspection of existing Gazi pipeline deemed that extensive repairs were necessary new pipeline will be necessary... 

Accordingly, the values of critical loads can be applied for estimation of permissible emission both for a single GPS and for the whole pipeline. Moreover, these values can be also used for the input data in ecological-optimization models for planning of other anthropogenic loading especially in the areas of the center of the European Russia. 

The grouping approach accepts a certain error on the monthly planning level compared to the exact operations level. On the operations level, all transportation lanes - also location-internal transfers e.g. in pipelines -have a transportation time > 0. Conceptually, it is required to make a clear cut between planning and operations and to define a planning tolerance interval e.g. 10% of the total period time - in this case 3 days -, where transportation times are set equal to 0. Otherwise, the planner always would miss 3% of volume in the same planned period due to the transportation time lag of 3 days leading to complexity in the plan. 

Where the study required in para. PL-3.6.1 indicates that the Location Class has changed, the sectionalizing valve locations shall be reviewed to determine if access to the valves has been affected. Access routes to the valves shall be evaluated. The effects of evacuating the pipeline in the vicinity of the valves shall be determined. New routes and evacuation and valve location plans shall be developed as required. 

Air Products plans on constructing a new hydrogen production plant in Port Arthur, Texas to supply 110 million standard cubic feet per day of hydrogen to Premcor Refining and others on Air Product s Gulf Coast hydrogen pipeline system. 

These plans envision assembling a portfolio of in-licensed drug candidates for which collective development risk is deemed to be relatively low. The idea is to in-license molecules that either are too specialized (small market potential) for large pharma or are not visible to their radar because they come from places like Eastern Europe. These stories are favorites of professional investors, because rNPVs can be calculated with relatively low development risk on the basis of demonstrated clinical utility and/or pipeline diversity. Examples include Dura Pharmaceuticals, who marketed prescription products that treat infectious and respiratory diseases, and Gilead who marketed antiviral nucleotides discovered in the Czech Republic. 

Supply/production issues can be combined with pipeline evaluation to provide an integrated tool for scenario planning. 

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