Pigments ASTM standards

Standard practice for multiangle color measurement of interference pigments, ASTM Standard, Book of Standards, Vol. 06.01 ASTM E2539-08, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009. 

Table 13.1 ASTM Standards for Pigment Specification Designation Title...

Migration tests from vinyl fabrics to lacquers are specified in ASTM standard" and included in guide of testing clear and pigmented lacquers,"wood furniture lacquers, " coatings applied to plastics. ... 

Standard practice for multiangle color measurement of metal flake pigmented materials, ASTM Standard, Book of Standards, Vol. 06.01 ASTM E2194-03, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009. Standard test method for evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials, ASTM Standard, Book of Standards, Vol. 06.02 ASTM D4960-08, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008. Colorimetric evaluation of colour coordinates and colour differences according to the approximately uniform CIELAB colour space, DIN Standard DIN 6174, DIN, Berlin, 2007. 

ASTM D 5380-93, Standard Test Method for Identification of Crystalline Pigments and Extenders in Paint by X-ray Diffraction Analysis, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1993. 

There are as yet no national or international (ISO) standards for mixed metal oxide pigments, and none are expected in the foreseeable future. However, the general tests of chemical, physical, and optical properties described in ASTM, DIN, or ISO standards for pigments may be utilized, such as DIN 6174, DIN 55 986, and ISO 787 Part 16 for the optical properties, and ISO 787 Parts 1-20 for the physical properties (see also Table 1). 

Many standard specifications have been laid down for the more important uses of ZnO (rubber, paints, and the pharmaceutical industry). For standards, see Table 1.1 ( Zinc oxide pigments Methods of analysis and Specification ). Various methods of classification are used, often based on the production process and the chemical composition. The most well known are pharmacopeias (USP, BP DAB, Ph. Eur.) ISO 9298, T31 006 NF, ASTM D79 - 86 and ASTM D 4295 - 89. Table 2.13 shows a classification with typical data for commercially available zinc oxide grades (more detailed standard specifications see standards mentioned above). 

The fineness of the pigment is characterized by the maximum particle size (mentioned in the catalogues as sieve residue according to standardized DIN or ASTM testing methods) and the average particle size D50 measured preferably by laser beam diffraction methods. These methods are not yet standardized and the readings depend very much on the equipment and the testing conditions. Furthermore the particle size distribution can be characterized by the "span , i.e. the width of the distribution curve. 

ASTM C 881 (1983) provides a classification of epoxy resin bonding systems by type, grade, class and colour. In this standard, there are seven types based on applications, three grades depending on viscosity and consistency requirements and six classes (A-F) according to the range of temperatures for which they are suitable. There is also an option of pigmentation without any restriction to a particular colour. 

Pigments, dyes, and extenders are defined in DIN 55943 under the heading colorants (coloring materials). Further standards are DIN 55944 and 55949. Similar definitions are given in ASTM D16-84, IS0 4617, and IS0 4618. A pigment is defined as a substance that is insoluble in the application medium (e.g., a paint) and is used as a colorant or on account of its corrosion-inhibiting or magnetic properties. A dye is defined as a colorant that is soluble in the application medium. 

ASTM D333-01 Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers... 

Coloured cements These are used for decorative purposes. In some standards, the addition of pigments to produce colomed Portland cement is allowed. In other standards (e.g. ASTM), pigments are not allowed constituents of Portland cement, and coloured cements are sold as blended hydraulic cements . 

The properties of a pigment depend on the medium in which it is applied. Quality and performance determinations of a pigment are therefore ideally carried out after having applied it in PP or other representative polymers. Furthermore, different requirements exist for fibers and plastics applications. Standardized test methods for plastics applications, defined by organizations such as ASTM, ISO and DIN, are available for the assessment of many pigment properties in PP. 

ASTM D281-95, Standard Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-out, 2002. 

ASTM D281-84 is the commonly accepted standard test. This test method standardizes the oil and much of the technique. The measurements are reported as % oil based on pigment weight. 

The density of a pigment may be determined by the pycnometer method at a standard temperature of 25 °C using kerosene as immersion liquid. The detailed procedure may be found in ISO 787-10 and ASTM D153. 

Kemlra 470 is a rutile titanium dioxide pigment designed to meet the needs of the most demanding plastics applications. It has the same brightness and tone properties as standard Kemira 460 but is end-treated to impart hydrophobic properties. This results in outstanding dispersibility and significantly improved high temperature performance. Kemira 470 rutile titanium dioxide meets the requirements of specification ASTM D 476-84 (1989), Type II III. 

ASTM D 3447-01. Standard test method for purity of halogenated organic solvents. Withdrawn 2004. CAN/CGSB l-GP-71 No. 73-96. Methods of testing paints and pigments. Beilstein test for chlorinated solvents. Withdrawn. 

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