Pigment cells

Briganti S, Camera E, Picardo M (2003) Chemical and instrumental approaches to treat hyperpigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 16 101-110... 

Ziegler, L, The pteridine pathway in zebrafish regulation and specification during the determination of neural crest cell-fate, Pigment. Cell Res., 16, 172, 2003. 

Koch, P.B. et al., Insect pigmentation activities of beta-alanyldopamine synthase in wing color patterns of wild-type and melanic mutant swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, Pigment Cell Res., 13, Suppl 8, 54, 2000. 

Hudon, J. and Muir, A.D., Characterization of the reflective materials and organelles in the bright irides of North American blackbirds (Icterinae), Pigment Cell Res., 9, 96, 1996. 

Rutowski, R.L. et al.. Pterin pigments amplify iridescent ultraviolet signal in males of the orange sulphur butterfly, CoUa eurytheme, Proc. R. Soc. B, 272, 2329, 2005. Oliphant, L.W., Pteridines and purines as major pigments of the avian iris. Pigment Cell Res., 1, 129, 1987. 

Tillotson, H.M. and Oliphant L.M., Iris stromal pigment cells of the ringed turtle dove. Pigment Cell Res., 3, 319, 1990. 

Sugumaran, M., Comparative biochemistry of eumelanogenesis and the protective roles of phenoloxidase and melanin in insects. Pigment Cell Res., 15, 2, 2002. Riley, P.A., Melanin, Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol, 29, 1235, 1997. 

Murisier, F. and Beerman, F., Genetic of pigment cells lessons from the tyrosinase gene family, Histol. HistopathoL, 21, 567, 2006. 

Riley, P.A., Melanogenesis and melanoma, Pigment Cell Res., 16, 548, 2003. Rorsman, H., The pigmented life of a red hair bibliographic review, Pigment Cell Res., 17, 191, 2004. 

Powell, J.J. et ah. Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue. Gut, 38, 390, 1996. 

B. Identification of Sequences Required for Expression in Pigment Cells. 167... 

VIII. In Search of Pigment Cell-Specific Factors ... 

The majority of analyses on neural crest cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation have been carried out in avian and amphibian embryos because of the relative ease of experimental manipulation (see Le Douarin, 1982). These experiments demonstrated that pigment cells arise from the neural crest. When pieces of neural folds were grafted to the... 

VIII. IN SEARCH OF PIGMENT CELL-SPECIFIC FACTORS WHICH ELEMENTS DETERMINE EXPRESSION IN MELANOCYTES ... 

Ponnazhagan and Kwon (1992) reported a putative tissue-specific ds-element (TE-1) located at-236 bp of the mouse tyrosinase promoter. They partially purified a TE-1 binding protein (approximately 49 kDa in size), but tissue specificity remains to be confirmed by a more detailed analysis. For the human tyrosinase promoter, Shibata et al. (1992) identified a 200-bp pigment cell-specific enhancer, located between -2.0 and -1.8 kb. A minimum core sequence of 39 bp was shown to be sufficient to confer the specific activity, although other regions (not identified so far) within the 200-bp fragment are required for more efficient expression in melanoma cells (Shibata et al., 1992). 

Beermann, F Schmid, E., GanB, R., Schiitz, G., and Ruppert, S. (1992b). Molecular characterization of the mouse tyrosinase gene pigment cell-specific expression in transgenic mice. Pigment Cell Res. 5 295-299. 

Giebel, L. B., and Spritz, R.A. (1992). The molecular basis of type I (tyrosinase-deficient) human oculocutaneous albinism. Pigment Cell Res. Suppl. 2 101-106. 

Hearing, V. J., and Jimenez, M. (1989). Analysis of mammalian pigmentation at the molecular level. Pigment Cell Res. 2 75-85. 

Hirobe, T. (1992). Control of melanocyte proliferation and differentiation in the mouse epidermis. Pigment Cell Res. 5 1-11. 

Rawles, M. E. (1947). Origin of pigment cells from the neural crest in the mouse embryo. Physiol. Zool. 20 248-266. 

Shibahara, S., Taguchi, H MUller, R Shibata, K., Cohen, T., Tomita, Y., and Tagami, H. (1991). Structural organization of the pigment cell-specific gene located at the brown locus in mouse. J. Biol. Chem. 24 15895-15901. 

Shibata, K Muraosa, Y.,Tomita, Y., Tagami, H and Shibahara, S. (1992). Identification of a cis-acting element that enhances the pigment cell-specific expression of the human tyrosinase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 267 20584-20588. 

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