Papilio glaucus

Koch, P.B. et al., Insect pigmentation activities of beta-alanyldopamine synthase in wing color patterns of wild-type and melanic mutant swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, Pigment Cell Res., 13, Suppl 8, 54, 2000. 

Lindroth, R.L., Hydrolysis of phenolic glycosides by midgut (3-glucosidases in Papilio glaucus subspecies, Insect Biochem., 18, 789,1988. 

C20H24O10, Mr 424.40, mp. 135-137°C, occurs in the bark of willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.). It protects the plants from attack by insects (antifee-dant) S. is an inhibitor of the )8-glucosidase from sweet almonds and kills larvae of the swallowtail Papilio glaucus. ... 

Larvae of the butterfly Papilio glaucus glaucus feed mainly on members of the Magnoliaceae, but rarely survive past the first instar when fed plant material of the genus Populus (Salicaceae). In contrast, larvae of Papilio glaucus canadensis perform well on aspen and other Populus species, but die when fed members of the Magnoliaceae (Lin-droth et al., 1988). The major compounds responsible for the lack of acceptability of Populus species to larvae of Papilio... 

The Eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, is the most poly-phagous of the 540 species of Papilionidae in the world (Munroe, 1960 Scriber, 1973). It occupies a geographical area which encompasses nearly 4 million square miles (including most of Canada and the Eastern half of the US). Two... 

Fig. 7.13 Potential foodplants along a 3600-mile latitudinal transect of the ran Papilio glaucus (at the approximate bisection of the ranges of the two races see Fig 7 The most frequently reported foodplant species are numbered (1-20) for identification here and listed in Fig. 7.14. The ranges of paper birch, Betulapapyrifera ( 2), and tulip tree, Liriodendron tuHpifera ( 18) illustrate the closeness of the hostplant transition zone (i.e. where the northern meets the southern) with that for the two P. glaucus races (cf.Fig. 7.12).

Rg. 7.14 The numbers of different potential foodplants for Papilio glaucus (of the 20 favorites) which occur at different latitudes along the transect presented in Figs 7.12 and 7.13. The foodplant species are numbers from top to bottom (i.e.. Quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides, is 1, etc.). The plant transition zone is represented by shading. 

Fig. 7.16 The first-instar survival and penultimate-instar growth performance on paper birch, Betula papyrifera, of different populations of Papilio glaucus canadensis and P. g. glaucus as a function of geographic distance from the plant range (RGR = relative growth rate, ECI = overall efficiency of processing plant biomass Scriber, unpublished data).

Brower, L. P. (1957) Speciation in the Papilio glaucus group. PhD Dissertation. Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 

Clarke, C. A. and Sheppard, P. M. (1957) The breeding of the hybrid Papilio glaucus female X P. eurymedon male. Lepid. News, 11, 201-5. 

Scriber, J. M., Lederhouse, R. C. and Contardo, L. (1975a) Spicebush, Lindera benzoin, a little known foodplant of Papilio glaucus (Papilionidae). J. Lepid. Soc., 29, 10-14. 

Scriber, J. M., Lintereur, G. L. and Evans, M. H. (1982) Foodplant utilization and anew oviposition record for Papilio glaucus canadensis R J (Papilionidae Lepidoptera) in northern Wisconsin and Michigan. Great Lakes Ent., 15, 39-46. 

Steinly, B. a. and M. Berenbaum, Histopathological effects of tannins on the midgut epithelium of Papilio polyxenes and Papi-lio glaucus, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 39, 3-9 (1985). 

---