Butterflies, swallowtail

Anise swallowtail butterfly (Papilio zelicans) with its pupal ease. Metamorphosis of butterflies is a dramatie example of metabolie ehange. ( Q 1986 Peter Bryant/Bioto cat Photo Service)... 

Koch, P.B. et al., Insect pigmentation activities of beta-alanyldopamine synthase in wing color patterns of wild-type and melanic mutant swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, Pigment Cell Res., 13, Suppl 8, 54, 2000. 

Queen, Eastern Black Swallowtail, and Atala Butterflies.530... 

FIGURE 25.1 (See color insert following page 336.) Larval butterflies have distinctive coloration patterns (a) Monarch (Danaus plexippus yellow, white, and black), (b) Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes asterius yellow, black, and green), (c) Queen (Danaus gillipus black, white, and yellow, some red coloration is also observable in this specimen), and (d) Atala (Eurnaceus atala florida red with yellow spots). 

Butterfly larvae (Monarch, Danaus plexippus Queen, Danaus gillipus Eastern Black Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius and Atala, Eurnaceus atala florida) were collected in South Florida approximately seven to eight days after hatching. The larvae were carefully dissected to remove the gut to prevent the contamination of the epidermis with the intestinal contents. The epidermis was... 

Yamanaka A., Imai H., Adachi M., Komatsu M., and Islam A. T. M. F. (2004). Hormonal control of orange coloration of diapause pupae in the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L. (Lepidoptera Papilionidae). Zool Sci 21 1049-1055. 

Tree sparrow Passer Swallowtail butterfly Aristolochic acids (from Aristolochia Nishida and... 

Nishida, R. and Fukami, H. (1989). Ecological adaptation of an Aristolochiaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous, to aristolochic acids. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15,2549-2564. 

Metabolic Detoxification of Linear and Angular Furanocoumarins by Caterpillars of the Black Swallowtail Butterfly... 

Most insect herbivores appear to be rather effectively repelled by furanocoumarin-containing plants (21-24). A notable exception to this generalization occurs among some butterflies of the family Paplllonldae, whose caterpillars are adapted to feed successfully and in fact preferentially on plants that contain linear, but not angular, furanocoumarlns (22). These circumstances prompted us to undertake studies with the black swallowtail butterfly (Papilio polyxenes) and radiolabeled furanocoumarlns in attempts to elucidate the nature of the Insect/furanocoumarln Interactions Involved. 

Figure 2. Major metabolites of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) in last-stage larvae of the black swallowtail butterfly (Papilio polyxenes) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Berenbaum, M. R. and Feeny, P. P. 1981. Toxicify of angular furanocoumarins to swallowtail butterflies escalation in a coevolutionary arms race Science, 212 927-929. 

The swallowtail butterfly Pachlioptera aristolochiae, feeding on the leaves of... 

Aristolochic acid I (143), isolated from whole bodies of swallowtail butterflies of the genus Pachlioptera, is the already known substance and was identified by the mass spectrum (75). One of the two acidic components obtained from ap-osematic butterflies of the genus Zerynthia has been identified as aristolochic acid C (145) by direct comparison with an authentic sample. The other, first isolated from this butterfly, has been identified as aristolochic acid la (144) by mass spectral analysis and its derivation to aristolochic acid I methyl ester (146) (74). 

Oviposition stimulation. Ethanol (95%) extract of the aerial parts was active on black swallowtail butterfly . 

DC 129 Feeny, P., K. Sachdev, L. Rosenberry, and M. Carter. Luteolin-7-0-(6 -0 malonyl) beta-D glucoside and DC140 tranS chlorogenic acid oviposition stimulants for the black swallowtail butterfly. Phytochemistry 1988 27(11) 3439-3448. 

Nishida, R., Ovipostion stimulant of a zeryntiine swallowtail butterfly, Luehdorfia japonica. Phytochemistry, 36, 873, 1994. 

A parallel example of larval detoxification abilities being retained through evolutionary time is found in swallowtail butterflies (Miller and Feeney, 1989). 

Ono H, Yoshikawa H. Identification of amine receptors from a swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L. cloning and mRNA localization in foreleg chemosen-sory organ for recognition of host plants. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2004 34 1247-1256. 

T59 Therioaphis maculata, alfalfa aphid,559 Syntermes, termites,560 Papilio, swallowtail butterflies 561... 

The majority of swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (family Papilionidae) exclusively utilize plants of the family Rutaceae as hosts, with a few species exploiting limited plant species of the families Apiaceae or Lauraceae. The North American black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, a specialist on members of carrot family (Apiaceae), has already been shown to lay eggs in response to a mixture of two chemotactile stimulants, luteolin 7-0-(6"-0-malonyl)-/3-D-glucoside and trawr-chlorogenic acid, identified from one of its major host plants, Daucus carota (wild carrot). Further study revealed that the oviposition response by the butterfly to another host plant, Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip), was evoked by a combination of tyramine (1), trans-chlorogenic acid, and a neutral fraction from the plant.4... 

Bull, D.L., Ivie, G.W., Beier, R.C., and Pryor, N.W., In vitro metabolism of a linear furanocoumarin (8-methoxypsoralen, xanthotoxin) by mixed-function oxidases of larvae of black swallowtail butterfly and fall army worm, /. Chem. Ecol., 12,885,1986. 

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