Retinal pigment epithelial cells

Wang, Z., Dillon, J., and Gaillard, E. R., Antioxidant properties of melanin in retinal pigment epithelial cells, Photochem. PhotobioL, 82, 474, 2006. 

Numerous studies have demonstrated that degradation products of (3-carotene exhibit deleterious effects in cellular systems (Alija et al., 2004, 2006 Hurst et al., 2005 Salerno et al., 2005 Siems et al., 2003). A mixture of (3-carotene degradation products exerts pro-apoptotic effects and cytotoxicity to human neutrophils (Salerno et al., 2005 Siems et al., 2003), and enhances the geno-toxic effects of oxidative stress in primary rat hepatocytes (Alija et al., 2004, 2006), as well as dramatically reduces mitochondrial activity in a human leukaemic cell line, K562, and RPE 28 SV4 cell line derived from stably transformed fetal human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (Hurst et al., 2005). As a result of degradation or enzymatic cleavage of (3-carotene, retinoids are formed, which are powerful modulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (Blomhoff and Blomhoff, 2006). 

Ahir, A, Guo, L, Hussain, AA, and Marshall, J, 2002. Expression of metalloproteinases from human retinal pigment epithelial cells and their effects on the hydraulic conductivity of Bruch s membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43, 458-465. 

Aukunuru, JV, Sunkara, G, Bandi, N, Thoreson, WB, and Kompella, UB, 2001. Expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and its interaction with BAPSG, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor. Pharm Res 18, 565-572. 

Chen, M, Forrester, JV, and Xu, H, 2007. Synthesis of complement factor H by retinal pigment epithelial cells is down-regulated by oxidized photoreceptor outer segments. Exp Eye Res 84, 635-645. 

Chichili, GR, Nohr, D, Schaffer, M, von Lintig, J, and Biesalski, HK, 2005. Beta-carotene conversion into vitamin A in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46, 3562-3569. 

Crane, U, Wallace, CA, McKillop-Smith, S, and Forrester, JV, 2000b. CXCR4 receptor expression on human retinal pigment epithelial cells from the blood-retina barrier leads to chemokine secretion and migration in response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha. J Immunol 165,4372-4378. 

Cui, HS, Hayasaka, S, Zhang, XY, Hayasaka, Y, Chi, ZL, and Zheng, LS, 2006. Effect of berberine on interleukin 8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Ophthalmic Res 38, 149-157. 

Duncan, KG, Bailey, KR, Kane, JP, and Schwartz, DM, 2002. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells express scavenger receptors BI and BII. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 292, 1017-1022. 

Dunn, KC, Aotaki-Keen, AE, Putkey, FR, and Hjelmeland, LM, 1996. ARPE-19, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line with differentiated properties. Exp Eye Res 62, 155-169. 

Ebihara, N, Chen, L, Tokura, T, Ushio, H, Iwatsu, M, and Murakami, A, 2007. Distinct functions between toll-like receptors 3 and 9 in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Ophthalmic Res 39, 155-163. 

Joffre, C, Leclere, L, Buteau, B, Martine, L, Cabaret, S, Malvitte, L, Acar, N, Lizard, G, Bron, A, and Creuzot-Garcher, C, 2007. Oxysterols induced inflammation and oxidation in primary porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells. Curr Eye Res 32, 271-280. 

Kalariya, NM, Ramana, KV, Srivastava, SK, and van Kuijk, FJ, 2008. Carotenoid derived aldehydes-induced oxidative stress causes apoptotic cell death in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 86, 70-80. 

Kanofsky, JR and Sima, PD, 2006. Synthetic carotenoid derivatives prevent photosensitised killing of retinal pigment epithelial cells more effectively than lutein. Exp Eye Res 82, 907-914. 

Lakkaraju, A, Finnemann, SC, and Rodriguez-Boulan, E, 2007. The lipofuscin fluorophore A2E perturbs cholesterol metabolism in retinal pigment epithelial cells. I1 roc Nall Acad Sci USA 104, 11026-11031. 

Lomejad-Schafer, MR, Lambert, C, Breithaupt, DE, Biesalski, HK, and Frank, J, 2007. Solubility, uptake and biocompatibility of lutein and zeaxanthin delivered to cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells in tween40 micelles. Eur JNutr 46, 79-86. 

Momma, Y, Nagineni, CN, Chin, MS, Srinivasan, K, Detrick, B, and Hooks, JJ, 2003. Differential expression of chemokines by human retinal pigment epithelial cells infected with cytomegalovirus. Invest Ophthalmol... 

Roberts, JE, Kukielczak, BM, Hu, DN, Miller, DS, Bilski, P, Sik, RH, Motten, AG, and Chignell, CF, 2002. The role of A2E in prevention or enhancement of light damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Photochem Photobiol 75, 184-190. 

Sundelin, SP and Nilsson, SE, 2001. Lipofuscin-formation in retinal pigment epithelial cells is reduced by antioxidants. Free Radio Biol Med 31, 217-225. 

Suuronen, T, Nuutinen, T, Ryhanen, T, Kaamiranta, K, and Salminen, A, 2007. Epigenetic regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 357, 397—401. 

Fishkin, N., Sparrow, J.R., Allikmets, R., Nakanishi, K., 2005. Isolation and characterization of a retinal pigment epithelial cell fluorophore An all-fraws-retinal dimer conjugate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102, 7091-7096. 

Kim, S.R., Jang, Y.P., Jockusch, S., Fishkin, N.E., Turro, N.J., Sparrow, J.R., 2007b. The all-trans-retinal dimer series of lipofuscin pigments in retinal pigment epithelial cells in a recessive Stargardt disease model. Pmc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104, 19273-19278. 

K. Akeo, S. Amaki, T. Suzuki, and T. Hiramitsu, Melanin granules prevent the cytotoxic effects of L-DOPA on retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro by regulation of NO and superoxide radicals. Pigm. Cell. Res. 13, 80-88 (2000). 

D1 (10,17S-docosatriene) from DHA using tandem liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS-MS)-based lipidomic analysis have been documented in ischemic brain [4] and retinal pigment epithelium [5], This new lipid is called neuroprotectin D1 (1) because of its neuro-protectiveproperties in brain ischemia-reperfusion [4] and in oxidative stress-challenged retinal pigment epithelial cells [5] (2) because of its potent ability to inactivate proapoptotic signaling (see apoptosis, Ch. 35) [5] and (3) because it is the first identified neuroprotective mediator derived from DHA. 

Mukherjee, P. K., Marcheselh, V. L., Serhan, C. N. and Bazan, N. G. Neuroprotectin Dl a docosahexaenoic add-derived doco-satriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A 101,8491-8496,2004. 

Mata, N.L., Moghrabi, W.N., Lee, J.S., Bui, T.V., Radu, R.A., Horwitz, I. and Travis, G.H. Rpe65 is a retinyl ester binding protein that presents insoluble substrate to the isomerase in retinal pigment epithelial cells. /. Biol. Chem. 279 635-643, 2004. 

Bednarz J, Teifel M, Friedl P, Engelmann K. Immortalization of human corneal endothelial cells using electroporation protocol optimized for human corneal endothelial and human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 78 130-136 (2000). 

Harris MS, Sakamoto T, Kimura H, He S, Spee C, Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Yoo JS, Hinton DR, Ryan SJ. (1996). Hypericin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells possible involvement of protein kinase C. Curr Eye Res. 15(3) 255-62. 

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