Phytochemicals chemistry

Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals chemistry, nutritional value and stability /... 

De la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Panilla E, Gonzalez-AguUar GA (2010) Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals- chemistry, nutritional value, and stability, 1st edn. WUey-Blackwell, Ames... 

The discovery that, in industrialised societies, diets deficient in fruits and vegetables can effectively double the risk of developing many different types of cancer has focused renewed attention on the beneficial properties of these foods (Block e/a/., 1992 Patterson ef a/., 1990 Southon and Faulks, 2002). As we have seen, plant foods are rich in micronutrients, but they also contain an immense variety of biologically active secondary metabolites providing colour, flavour and natural toxicity to pests and sometimes humans (Johnson et ah, 1994). The chemistry and classification of such substances is still a matter for much research and debate, but this has not prevented attempts to isolate and exploit substances that have variously been termed protective factors , phytoprotectants , phytochemicals and nutraceuticals . Phytochemical compounds include ... 

Degenhardt, P. and Winterhalter, E., HSCCC a powerful tool for the preparative isolation of bioactive compounds, in Biologically-Active Phytochemicals in Food Analysis, Metabolism, Bioavailability and Function, Pfannhauser, W. et ah, Eds., Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2001, 143. 

Carmen Socaciu was bom in Cluj-Napoca, Romania and earned a BSc in chemistry in 1976, an MSc in 1977, and a PhD in 1986 from the University Babes-Bolyai in Cluj-Napoca, an important academic centre located in the Transylvania region. Dr. Socaciu worked as a researcher in medical and cellular biochemistry for more than 10 years, and became a lecturer in 1990 and full professor in 1998 in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMV) in Cluj-Napoca. She extended her academic background in pure chemistry (synthesis and instrumental analysis) to the life sciences (agrifood chemistry and cellular biochemistry). Her fields of competence are directed especially toward natural bioactive phytochemicals (carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids), looking to advanced methods of extraction and analysis and to their in vitro actions on cellular metabolism, their effects as functional food ingredients, and their impacts on health. 

Another very common phytochemical isolated was phytol (3,7,11, 15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-l-ol), the diterpenoid alcohol which forms the "tail" of chlorophyll. This compound is nearly insoluble in water, but when applied as a 0.1 mM (0.003 wt. %) solution in 0.1% DMS0 it increased onion germination while decreasing germination in sorghum, wheat, and carrot. The germination effects are significant at only the 95% level, but pretreatment studies are planned as part of other terpene chemistry studies at SRRC and LSI). 

C. F. Van Sumere, J. Albrecht, A. De-donder et al.,The chemistry and biochemistry of plant proteins, Proceedings of the Phytochemical Sodety Symposium, Academic Press, 1975. 

The giant river reed, Arundo donax for example, occurs in India and its roots contain DMT. See S. Ghosal, S. K. Dutta, A. K. Sanyal, and Bhattacharya, "Arundo donex L. (Graminae), Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation," in the Journal of Medical Chemistry, vol. 12 (1969), p. 480.]... 

Bukingham J, Thompson S (1997) Dictionary of natural products and other information somces for natmal products scientists. In Phytochemical diversity - a somce of new industrial products. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp 53-67 (2001) Dictionary of Natmal Products on CD-ROM, Chapman and HaU/CRC Press Laatsch H (1994 and annual updates) AntiBase, A database for rapid structmal determination of microbial natmal products. Chemical Concepts, Weinheim, Germany Breheret S, Talou T, Rapior S, Bessiere JM (1997) J Agric Food Chem 45 831 Schulz S (2001) private commimication, Braunschweig, Germany Burkholder PR, Pfister RM, Leitz FH (1966) Appl Microbiol 14 649 Reid RT, Live DH, Faulkner DJ, Butler A (1993) Nature 366 455... 

Carlson, T.J. Coopa, R. King, S.R. Rozhon, E.J. (1997) Modem science and traditional healing. In Phytochemical Diversity. A Source of New Industrial Products. Wrigley, S. Hayes, M. Thomas, R. Chiystal, E., eds.. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK., pp. 84-95. 

Andersen, 0.M. et al., Chive, a specialised flavonoid producer in Biologically-Active Phytochemicals in Food, Special publication — Royal Society of Chemistry, 269, 171, 2001. 

Bhatnagar, R. and Kapoor, R.C., Phytochemical investigation of Tephrosia purpurea seeds, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 39B, 879, 2000. 

Wu ]H, Huang CY, Tung YT, Chang ST. Online RP-HPLC-DPPH screening method for detection of radical-scavenging phytochemicals from flowers of Acacia confusa. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2008 56(2) 328-332. 

Michel T, Destandau E, GLe Floch G, Lucchesi ME, Elfakir C. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigations of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf, stem, root and seed. Food Chemistry. 2012 131 754-760. 

Marston, A., K. Hostettmann, J. B. Harborne, and F. A. Tomas-Barberan. 1991. Plant saponins chemistry and molluscicidal action. Ecological chemistry biochemistry plant terpenoids. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Europe 31. p. 264-286. 

Chatt, J. (1980). Chemistry relevant to the biological fixation of nitrogen. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Europe Symph. Ser. 18, 1-18. 

Fischer, N.H. Plant terpenoids as allelopathic agents. In Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Terpenoids. Harborne, J.B. and F.A. Tomas-Barberan (Eds.). Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe. Clarendon Press-Oxford. 1991 pp. 377-398. 

Amico, V., Marine brown algae of family Cystoseiraceae chemistry and chemotaxonomy, Phytochem., 39, 1257, 1995. 

Rhoades, D.F. and Cates, R.G., Toward a general theory of plant antiherbivore chemistry, Recent Adv. Phytochem., 10, 168, 1976. 

Capasso, R. 1997. The chemistry, biotechnology and ecotoxicology of the polyphenols naturally occurring in vegetable wastes. Curr. Top. Phytochem. 

Our present knowledge of the chemistry of Guatteria is too incomplete to say much about any possible relationships between alkaloid content and systematics within this taxon. It should be clear from Table III that the 17 Guatteria species studied so far can hardly be considered representative of the genus as a whole. In addition, many phytochemical publications do not record occurrences of known... 

L. Castedo, J. A. Granja, A. R. de Lera, and M. C. Villaverde, The Chemistry and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids, Abstracts of posters, p. 13. International Symposium of the Phytochemical Society of Europe, London, 1984. 

Phytochemical studies of cinnamon and related species are restricted mainly to the volatile oil and its constituents. Recently, the chemical composition of the essential oils of a few rare species has been researched and new aroma sources have been identified. The chemistry of the genus Cinnamomum is interesting, as there exist several chemo-types within a species. So far, except for C. cassia, very little attention has been paid to the non-volatiles of the genus. This is an area worth exploring. 

Pendry, B., Busia, K. and Bell, C.M. (2005) Phytochemical evaluation of selected antioxidant-containing medicinal plants for use in the preparation of a herbal formula - a preliminary study. Chemistry and Biodiversity 2(7), 91 7-922. 

Hesse s excellent general introduction to alkaloid chemistry naturally contains numerous references to indole alkaloids, and in particular contains a detailed discussion of the structure elucidation of villalstonine, by way of illustration of modern experimental methods used in alkaloid chemistry.1 Indole alkaloids also receive mention in a brief review of hypotensive principles from plants,20 in a review of synthesis via photocyclization of enamides,2 and in another on the use of lactones in alkaloid synthesis.21 Kametani has also reviewed (unfortunately, in Japanese) the synthesis, by his group, of alkaloids by retro mass spectral synthesis .2d The proceedings of the 1979 meeting of the Phytochemical Society of Europe, which were entirely devoted to indole alkaloids, are now available.3... 

Dr. Keiichi Honda is a professor of ecological biochemistry in the Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, where he has been since 1991. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in hydrocarbon chemistry from Kyoto University in 1971 and 1973, respectively. His research has consistently focused on the chemical ecology of butterflies, especially on larval defensive strategy, phytochemical mediators in host selection, the role of... 

Many chemotaxonomic studies have been published that consists of lists of phytochemical data, but a significant number of studies are now appearing that probe such questions as the genetics of terpenoid formation, hybridization and clonal variation, and biochemical evolution. Reviews have appeared on the chemotaxonomy of flowering plants,435 and of terpenoid formation in particular,436 on chemistry in botanical classification,437 on leaf oils of conifers,438 and on biochemical evolution in plants 439 the last named is comprehensive and quite outstanding. 

Gross, G. G. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biochemistry of Lignins, Recent Adv. Phytochem. 1979, 12, 177-220 (Plenum Press). 

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