Marine brown algae

Fucoserraten, ectocarpen, and multifidene are sex pheromones produced by marine brown algae. What are their systematic names (The latter two are a bit difficult make your best guess.)... 

TABLE 1 Cn and C8 pheromones from marine brown algae... 

Female gametes of marine brown algae release and/or attract their conspecific males by chemical signals. The majority of these compounds are unsaturated, nonfunctionalized acyclic, and/or alicyclic Cn hydrocarbons. Threshold concentrations for release and attraction are generally... 

Stratmann K, Boland W, Muller DG (1992) Pheromones of marine brown algae a new branch of eicosanoid metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed 3 1246-1248 Suzuki M, Matsuo Y, Takahashi Y, Masuda M (1995) Callicladol, a novel cytotoxic bromotriter-pene polyether from a Vietnamese species of the red algal genus Laurencia. Chem Lett 11 1045-1046... 

To date, no clear evidence of inducible defenses among freshwater macroalgae has been reported, in contrast to their marine algal counterparts. For example, certain species of marine brown algae increase phlorotannin production in response to damage by mesograzers (Amsler and Fairhead 2006 see Chaps. 3 and 7). Whether Chara and Cladophora, two species of freshwater chlorophytes with putative allelopathic activity, increase allelochemical concentration in response to competitors remains to be seen (see Sect. 5.7.3). 

Van Alstyne KL, Whitman SL, Ehlig JM (2001b) Dilferences in herbivore preferences, phlorotannin production, and nutritional quality between juvenile and adult tissues from marine brown algae. Mar Biol 139 201-210... 

Atta-ur-Rabman et al.. Two new aurones from marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 49, 105, 2001. 

Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhard MI, Hayat S, Khan AM, Ahmed A (2001) Two New Aurones from Marine Brown Alga Spatoglossum variabile. Chem Pharm Bull 49 105... 

Vanadium bromoperoxidase (V-BrPO) has been isolated from many species of marine brown algae, including A. nodosum [1,26,27], Laminaria saccharina [28], Fucus distichus [29], and Macrocystis pyrifera [29] the red algae Ceramium rubrum [30] and C. pilulifera [31] and a terrestrial lichen, Xanthoria parie-tina [32],... 

Confirmation of the presence of four arsenosugars, a class of compounds found in other marine macroalgae (Francesconi and Edmonds, 1997), was reported in a study of the marine brown alga Fucus distichus (Harrington et at., 1997). 

Harrington, C.F., Ojo, A.A., Lai, VW.-M., Reimer, K.J. and Cullen, W.R. (1997) The identification of some water-soluble arsenic species in the marine brown algae Fucus distichus. Appl. Organomet. Chem., 11, 931—940. 

Stratmann, K., Boland, W., and Muller, D. G., Biosynthesis of pheremones in female gametes of marine brown algae (Phaeophyceae), Tetrahedron, 49, 3755, 1993. 

Amico, V., Marine brown algae of family Cystoseiraceae chemistry and chemotaxonomy, Phytochemistry, 39, 1257, 1995. 

Steinberg, P.D., Feeding preferences of Tegula funebralis and chemical defenses of marine brown algae, Ecol. Monogr., 55, 333, 1985. 

Van Alstyne, K.L., Ehlig, J.M., and Whitman, S.L., Ontogenetic shifts in phlorotannin production, nutritional quality, and susceptibility to herbivory in marine brown algae, Mar. Biol., in press. 

Arnold, T.M. and Targett, N.M., Quantifying in situ rates of phlorotannin synthesis and polymerization in marine brown algae, J. Chem. Ecol., 24, 577, 1998. 

Arnold, T.M., In situ rates of phlorotannin synthesis, polymerization, and turnover in marine brown algae an evaluation of terrestrial-derived ecological theories in the marine environment, Ph.D. thesis, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 1998. 

In order to reproduce, the female gametes of marine brown algae must attract mobile male gametes. This they do by releasing a pheromone, long thought to be the cycloheptadiene ectocarpene. in 1995 results were published that suggested that, in fact, the pheromone was a cyclopropane, and that ectocarpene was ineffective as a pheromone... 

The presence of spermatozoid-releasing and spermatozoid-attracting substances released from the eggs of marine brown algae was first suggested for the Fucus species in the first half of the twentieth century.14 In 1971, Muller et al 5 reported the isolation of ectocarpene (1) from fertile female gametophytes of the cosmopolitan... 

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