Phosphorus transport

Meybeck, M., 1982. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transport by major world rivers. Amer. 3. Sci., 282 401-501. 

Donald, R. G., D. W. Anderson, and J. W. B. Stewart. 1993. Potential role of dissolved organic carbon in phosphorus transport in forested soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57 1611-1618. 

Total phosphorus in surface runoff can be estimated from total suspended sediments (Bolton et al., 1991). In an agricultural watershed in Indiana, about 90% of the total phosphorus transported was bound to sediment (Monke et al., 1981). 

Transport models that assume reversible kinetic reactions for applied phosphorus Transport models that assume irreversible kinetic reactions for applied phosphorus Transport models that assume both reversible and irreversible reactions for applied phosphorus Nontransport sorption models that assume both reversible and irreversible kinetic reactions for applied phosphorus... 

M. S. Kritsky, I. S. Kulaev, I. M. Klebanova and A. N. Belozersky (1965b). Two modes of phosphorus transport in fruiting bodies of the mushroom (in Russian). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 160, 949-951. 

Selective extractions, chemical equilibria calculations, and crystallization measurements presented here imply that the hydrous iron oxides, even in the carbonate dominated Genesee River, play a major part in inorganic phosphorus transport by sediments in the fluvial system. Saturation levels of inorganic phosphate and calcium carbonate minerals in the Genesee River... 

Phosphorus transport in the Genesee River, expressed as instantaneous unit load of total water column phosphorus, shows... 

Differences in river basin morphology, soil characteristics, rainfall, and land use in a watershed Influence phosphorus transport in a fluvial system. However, the dominance of iron oxides as an inorganic phosphate sink and the discharge dependent behavior of calcium carbonate-phosphate minerals found in this study would be expected to exist in other calcareous agricultural regions of New York State as well. Mountainous terrain and areas of sand and muck soil would probably not exhibit the same behavior. It would seem that the results of this study could also apply to other agricultural watersheds adjacent to the North American Great Lakes. 

Several chemical reactions, including calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite precipitation, have been studied to determine their relationship to observed water column and sediment phosphorus contents in hard water regions of New York State. Three separate techniques have been used to Identify reactions important in the distribution of phosphorus between the water column and sediments 1) sediment sample analysis employing a variety of selective extraction procedures 2) chemical equilibrium calculations to determine ion activity products for mineral phases involved in phosphorus transport and 3) seeded calcium carbonate crystallization measurements in the presence and absence of phosphate ion. 

Meybeck, M. 1982. "Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers." American Journal of Science 282 401-450. 

The mining of phosphate rock (mostly from terrestrially emplaced marine phosphorite deposits) for use as agricultural fertilizer has increased dramatically in the latter half of this century (F72). In addition to fertilizer use, deforestation, increased cultivation, urban and industrial waste disposal all have enhanced phosphorus transport from terrestrial to aquatic systems, often with deleterious results. For example, elevated phosphorus concentrations in rivers resulting from these activities have resulted in eutrophication in some lakes and coastal areas, stimulating nuisance algal blooms and promoting hypoxic or anoxic conditions harmful or lethal to natural populations (e.g., Caraco, 1995 Fisher et al., 1995 Melack, 1995). 

The most important flux of the freshwater phosphorus cycle is the large amount of phosphorus transported by river runoff. This flux has been esti-... 

The second transport model (rate-controlled sorption) is based on the assumption that the sorption mechanism does not have time to reach equilibrium at each point along the column. Mansell et al. (16) used this model to simulate phosphorus transport through sandy soils. Therefore, Equation 1 is replaced by the sorption rate expression ... 

Our review would not be complete without a note on mycorrhizal phosphorus transport, which is another key microbial process in the phosphorus cycle. It consists of three distinct parts (i) fungal absorption of phosphorus from the soil solution (ii) translocation of phosphorus within extra-radical hyphae from the site of absorption to the site of exchange with the host plant and (iii) transfer from the fungus to the host plant [sensu Cooper and Tinker, 1981). This... 

Jakobsen, I., joner, E.J. and Larsen, J. (1994) Hyphal phosphorus transport, a keystone to mycorrhi-zal enhancement of plant growth. In Schuepp, H. (ed.) Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Ecosystems. Birkhauser, Basel, pp. 133-146. 

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