Phospholipid metabolism and

Sakaida I, Thomas AP, Farber JL. 1992. Phospholipid metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat hepatocytes intoxicated with cyanide. Am J Physiol 263(3 Pt 1) C684-C690. 

The drug binds to anionic phospholipids in the proximal tubule, may alter phospholipids metabolism, and cause phospholipidosis. Gentamycin also damages the hair cells in the ear. 

Vance, D. E., Phospholipid metabolism and cell signalling in eucaryotes. In D. E. Vance, and J. E. Vance (eds.), Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes. Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991. This chapter (7) covers phospholipid metabolism at an advanced level and discusses the role of phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids in the generation of second messengers in the cell. 

Farooqui A. A. and Horrocks L. A. (1991). Excitatory amino acid receptors, neural membrane phospholipid metabolism and neurological disorders. Brain Res. Rev. 16 171-191. 

Lynch M. A. and Voss K. L. (1990). Arachidonic acid increases inositol phospholipid metabolism and glutamate release in synaptosomes prepared from hippocampal tissue. J. Neurochem. 55 215-221. 

Biochemical identification of these functionally distinct G proteins regulating phospholipid metabolism and generating second messengers in response to hormonal stimulation is an important goal of several laboratories. 

Receptors for protein hormones can be coupled to different transducing systems. Most of the data from studies approximately 10 years ago showed that many receptors are coupled to the adenylate cyclase system. However in the early 1980s it became clear that calcium fluxes and phospholipid turnover could also be important in conveying hormonal signals. During the last few years the number of papers describing the effects of hormones on phospholipid metabolism and calcium fluxes has increased tremendously and has outnumbered studies on cyclic AMP. 

Boyan BD, Sylvia VL, Dean DD, Pedrozo H, Del Toro F, Nemere I, Posner GH, and Schwartz Z (1999) 1,25-(0H)2D3 modulates growth plate chondrocytes via membrane receptor-mediated protein kinase C by a mechanism that involves changes in phospholipid metabolism and the action of arachidonic acid and PGE2. Steroids64,129-36. 

Raf activates the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (Raf-MEK-ERK), whereas PI3K regulates phospholipid metabolism, and RalGEEs serve as activators of Ras-like (Ral) small GTPases. These and other pro-growth effectors (e.g., phospholipase C epsilon or Tiaml) promote Ras-mediated cellular proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, other Ras effector pathways (most notably Norel and other RASSF family members) can contribute to apoptosis (34). 

Larsen EC, Hatcher IF, Adibhatla RM. Effect of tricyclodecan-9-yl potassium xanthate (D609) on phospholipid metabolism and cell death during oxygen-glucose deprivation in PC12 cells. Neuroscience 2007 146 946-961. 

Huzoor-Akbar, Anwer, K., Wince, L. and Kundu, N. Platelet phospholipid metabolism and fatty acid... 

Jope RS, Jenden DJ. Choline and phospholipid metabolism and the synthesis of acetylchohne in rat brain. J Neurosci Res 1979 4 69-82. 

Shepherd M, Lader M, Rodright R. Clinical Psychopharmacology. English Universities, London, 1968, p. 87. Stanley JA, Williamson PC, Drost DJ, Carr, TJ, et al. Membrane phospholipid metabolism and schizophre-... 

Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases leads to stimulation of phospholipid metabolism and to the generation of multiple second messengers. Phospholipase Cy binds through its SH2 domain to phosphotyrosine sites on the receptor molecules and is thereby activated. As a consequence of phospholipase Cy activation, Ca2+ and diacyl-glycerol signals are produced leading, e. g., to the activation of protein kinase C isoenzymes and of CaM kinases. 

Earooqui AA, Horrocks LA (1991) Excitatory amino acid receptors, neural membrane phospholipid metabolism and neurological disorders. Brain Res Rev 16 171-191 Earooqui AA, Horrocks LA (1994) Excitotoxicity and neurological disorders involvement of membrane phospholipids. Int Rev Neurobiol 36 267-323 Earooqui AA, Ong WY, Horrocks LA (2004) Biochemical aspects of neurodegeneration in human brain involvement of neural membrane phospholipids and phospholipases A2. Neurochem Res 29 1961-1977... 

The rationale of drug action has been the subject of voluminous studies over the years and numerous investigations have been made of their effect on membrane systems, in particular their electrical activity. The properties of a membrane will be governed to some extent by its composition and, since this is partly phospholipid in nature, the effect of drugs on phospholipid metabolism and function is of some importance. This article will deal with some of the experiments that have been carried out, more particularly with drugs acting on the central nervous system. 

Kuksis A (2003) Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism and Phosphatidylinositol Kinases, vol. 30. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers. 

Altered phospholipid metabolism and Inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release In polymorphonuclear leukocytes Quercetin 2-1Q X IQ M 42... 

Lux H, Heise N, Kleimer T et al (2000) Etherlipid (alkyl-phospholipid) metabolism and the mechanism of action of ether-lipid analogues in Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol 111 1-14... 

Kiss, Z., E. Deli, P.R. Girard, G.R. Pettit, and J.F. Kuo Comparative Effects of Polymyxin B, Phorbol Ester and Bryostatin on Protein Phosphorylation, Protein Kinase C Translocation, Phospholipid Metabolism and Differentiation of HL60 Cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 146, 208 (1987). 

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