Phosphated surfactants pyrophosphate

Surfactant, Trisodium Phosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Soda Ash, Sodium Hydroxide, Water... 

De-oiling, typically using a blend of chemical materials such as caustic and alkaline phosphates together with nonfoaming surfactants the phosphates employed are generally either trisodium phosphate (TSP) or tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP)... 

TABLE 3 Solubility Properties of Polyoxyethylene Phosphate Esters in Aqueous Solutions of Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate Compared to Solubility Properties of Other Surfactants... 

Both inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and organic acids, such as formic acid, can be used to increase the pH. Acids are used in combination with surfactants. Various phosphates, pyrophosphates. 

Inoredients % bv Weight Aerosol OS Surfactant 5.0 Sodium Metasilicate 50.0 Caustic Soda 5.0 Tetrasodiurn Pyrophosphate 7.0 Trisodium Phosphate 33.0... 

The sample preparation of dental care products depends on the kind of formulation. Organic components such as emulsifiers, surfactants and thickeners have to be removed as well as the water-insoluble abrasives. In the case of very low fluoride and phosphate content, it is recommended to evaporate the aqueous extract. The chemical shift of the phosphate signals depends considerably on the pH of the solution, therefore a buffer of pH of 8-9 should be used. With strong acidic or basic medium, hydrolysis of meta- and pyrophosphate occurs. The ring opening of the metaphosphate producing the linear triphosphate is easily detected in the P NMR spectrum (Figure 3-48). 

Builders are used to enhance the performance of the surfactant system, using several different mechanisms. Probably the most important functions of a builder system are to reduce the deleterious effects of water hardness, to provide an alkaline buffer, and to prevent soil redeposition. Until about 15 years ago, all the builder systems were based on sodium phosphates (pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate). Due to eutrophication of lakes and rivers, phosphate levels were regulated and, in some countries, totally banned. As a result, different builder systems were developed, based on zeolites and citrate with acrylic acid polymers and copolymers. 

Malik presented data [27] on the detergency of C12 and C13.6 SMEs via a modified Gardner Straight Line Washability Test [39]. The test solutions consisted of 0.6% of the test surfactant and 0.12% tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in 140 ppm as CaCOj water at 25°C. The C12 SME gave equivalent performance compared to decyl and branched dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulfonates. The Cl3.6 SME slightly outperformed the Cl2 SME but was not quite as good as the C8-10, 5-mole ethoxylated phosphate ester that was also included. Both SMEs contained the analog sulfonated fatty-acid sodium salts as secondary snrfactants. 

Uses Low-foaming surfactant, dispersant, emulsifier for industrial cleaners, polymerization food-contact cellophane Trade Names Disponil OSS 50 KE Disponil OSS 50 KS DIpotassium orthophosphate. See Potassium phosphate dibasic DIpotassium persulfate. See Potassium persulfate DIpotassium phosphate. See Potassium phosphate dibasic DIpotassium pyrophosphate. See DIpotassium diphosphate Di-PPG-3 myristyl ether adipate... 

---