Phosphated polyoxyethylenated

Groves, M.J. Ahmad, A.B. Some rheological properties of 78. lyotropic liquid crystals formed by phosphated polyoxyethylene surfactants, n-hexane and water. Rheol. Acta... 

PEG-3 Tridecyl ether phosphate PEG-6 Tridecyl ether phosphate PEG-10 Tridecyl ether phosphate Phosphoric acid, (ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol) esters Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-ra-hydroxy-, phosphate Poly-ethylene glycol (3) tridecyl ether phosphate Polyethylene glycol 300 tridecyl ether phosphate Polyethylene glycol 500 tridecyl ether phosphate Polyoxyethylene (3) tridecyl ether phosphate Polyoxyethylene (6) tridecyl ether phosphate Polyoxyethylene (10) tridecyl ether phosphate Trideceth-3 phosphate Trideceth-6 phosphate Trideceth-10 phosphate. 

Adsorption of t-PA to process equipment surfaces consisting of either stainless steel or glass was minimized by adding the detergent polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) to the semm-free culture conditioned media at 0.01% (vol/vol). The equipment was also rinsed, before use, with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.01% Tween 80. Hydrophilic, plastic equipment was used whenever possible. AH buffers were sterile filtered. Sterile filtration of Hquids and gases is usually carried out using 0.2 or 0.45 p.m filters. 

The surfactants used in the emulsion polymerization of acryhc monomers are classified as anionic, cationic, or nonionic. Anionic surfactants, such as salts of alkyl sulfates and alkylarene sulfates and phosphates, or nonionic surfactants, such as alkyl or aryl polyoxyethylenes, are most common (87,98—101). Mixed anionic—nonionic surfactant systems are also widely utilized (102—105). 

In order to obtain anionic polyoxyethylene phosphate surfactants, either the terminal hydroxy group of a polyoxyethylated hydrophobic substance is reacted with a phosphorylating agent or a phosphate ester is oxalkylated. Most often aliphatic and aliphatic-aromatic alcohols are first treated with an alkylene oxide and afterward with one of the phosphorylating agents, such as P4OI0, POCl3, phosphoric acid, or polyphosphoric acid [39-48]. 

TABLE 3 Solubility Properties of Polyoxyethylene Phosphate Esters in Aqueous Solutions of Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate Compared to Solubility Properties of Other Surfactants... 

Some phosphorus-containing surfactants have bacteriostatic properties. In combination with their physiological acceptance they are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In mutanase oral anticarie compositions the combination of alkyl phosphates and nonionic surfactants stabilizes mutanase. A dentifrice useful for prevention of dental caries contains 0.5% sodium lauryl phosphate and 1.5% polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate [222]. 

Detergent must not be very expensive Detergent should be readily removable after treating membrane fraction Detergent must not interfere with assays such as lipids, protein colorimetric determinations and enzymatic activity many of the nonionic detergents contain high phosphate levels that interfere with certain lipid analyses and certain of the polyoxyethylene derivatives affect protein colorimetric and enzyme assays... 

There has been a useful review of phase-transfer catalysis in nucleophilic aromatic substimtion. A comparison has been reported of the reactions with nucleophiles of l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (substimtion) and 4-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate (dephosphorylation) in neutral micelles of dodecyl (10) and (23) polyoxyethylene glycol. In the substimtion reaction considerable amounts of ether may be formed by reaction with alkoxide ions at the micellar surface. Differences in reactivity of the two substrates are probably due to differences in their location in the micellar structures. ... 

Phosphate and phosphonate molecules have a very high affinity for calcium carbonate surfaces, as shown by their influence on the precipitation and growth of calcite [164-166]. Accordingly, organophosphorus compounds such as alkylphosphoric acids [167-169] and phosphonic acid-terminated polyoxyethylene [170, 171] have been used to modify the surface of CaCOs powders. 

However, an excellent antistatic performance is obtained by adding phosphonium sulfonates and phosphate ester that have ether moieties in the organic chain, e.g., a phosphate with polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (30). 

Occlusion is a condition that could affect drug transport from niosomes and through the stratum corneum. Such an effect was reported for saturated estradiol niosomal formulations composed of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactants and sucrose ester surfactants with cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate, for which occlusion enhanced the drug human stratum corneum transport [43]. 

To a medium having a composition of 6.4 % of millet jelly, 0.5 % of glucose, 3.5 % of soybean powder, 0.75 % of corn steep liquor, 0.3 % of sodium chloride, 0.1 % of potassium secondary phosphate, 0.05 % of zinc sulfate, 0.01 % of copper sulfate, 0.2 % of sodium nitrate and 0.01 % of Toho No. 1 (trade name for a surface active agent composed of polyoxyethylene manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Japan) was added 3-amino-propyl-dimethylsulfonium bromide hydrobromate in a proportion of 0.4 mg/ml to adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5. 

Fig. 13. The logarithm of the first order rate constants for the hydrolysis of >-chloro-benzylidene-l,l-dimethylethylamine in water (O), in the presence of 0-01 M NaLS ( ), in the presence of 0-05 M CTAB (a), and in the presence of 0 05 m polyoxyethylene(18) dodecylphenol (A), as a function of pH at 25° and ionic strength 0 05. Cyanoacetate, acetate, phosphate, and carbonate buffers (0 02 m) were employed in the appropriate pH regions (Behme and Cordes, 1965).

Micellar catalysis of the photobleaching of riboflavin and riboflavin-5-phosphate was investigated in a recent e.s.r. study of the effects of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate and sodium dodecyl sulfate on the rate of formation and decay of an intermediate semiquinone radical (Kowarski, 1969). In the photodegradation of riboflavin-6-phosphate, both the rate of formation of the semiquinone radical and the rate constant for its decay were appreciably enhanced by the anionic and the non-ionic surfactant (Table 19). Similarly, the catalysis of the photobleaching of riboflavin by sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be related to an increased rate of formation of the semiquinone radical. Hence, the micellar catalysis of the photodegradation of riboflavin and riboflavin-5-phosphate is the consequence of a combined effect of an increased rate of semiquinone radical formation and an accelerated rate of its decay (Kowarski, 1969). 

AFM images showing the displacement of a spread (3-lactoglobulin protein film from an air-water interface by the progressive addition of surfactant, (a) Displacement with (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) Tween 20, surface pressure Tr=22.5mN/m, image size 3.2 X 3.2 jam. (b) Displacement with cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), TT = 22.8 mN/m, image size 1x1 /rm. (c) Displacement with CTAB in the presence of 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH — 7, ir— 22.8 mN/m. scan size 1x1 /rm. Data are shown at similar surface pressures in order to allow comparison of domain sizes for ionic and nonionic surfactants. 

U.S. 5332569 (1994) Wood et al. (Alberto-Culver) Silicon oil in an organic solvent-based carrier comprising PEG and an anionic-cationic emulsifier complex formed from anionic (phosphate or sulfate) copolymer of dimethylpolysiloxane (20 -0 units) and polyoxyethylene (3-15 units) and cationic conditioning compound having at least one quaternary nitrogen or amido amine and one hydrophobic aliphatic or silicone polymer chain Improved stability of silicone emulsion... 

Studies of the soil removal properties of polyoxyethylenated straight-chain primary alcohols on cotton and Dacron-cotton permapress fabric indicate that this detergency maximum with change in the number of oxyethylene units in the POE chain is also shown on these fabrics. In liquid no-phosphate formulations built only with diethanolamine to provide an alkaline pH, optimum removal of both sebum and clay soils from Dacron-cotton permapress at 49°C in 150 ppm hard water occurs with about 5, 9, and 10 oxyethylene units for POE C9-11, C12-15, and C16-18 alcohol mixtures, respectively. For removal of the same soils from cotton at the same temperature, the optimum POE chain lengths are about two oxyethylene units larger (Albin, 1973). 

The effect of changing the hydrophilic group from nonionic to anionic can be seen by comparing the soil removal properties of these same POE alcohols with two series of anionics made from the same hydrophobes, either by sulfating the alcohol mixture directly or after polyoxyethylenation with 3 or 6 mol of ethylene oxide. Using the same liquid no-phosphate formulation and the same laundering conditions at 49°C in 150 ppm hard water, the following results were obtained (Albin, 1973) ... 

Sample preparation Perform all operations with the exclusion of light. Evaporate 240 jjiL derivatization solution into a vial, add 400 pL 50 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, add 100 [xL plasma, add 10 (xL 46 jxg/mL undecylenic acid in MeCN, vortex for 5 s, heat at 70° for 40 min, add 500 jxL MeCN, centrifuge at 3000 g for 5 min, inject a 20 jxL aliquot. (Derivatization solution was 1.65 g Arkopal N-130 (a non-ionic surfactant, nonylphenol/13 unit chain polyoxyethylene) + 650 mg tetrahexylammonium bromide -I- 60 mg 4-bromo-methyl-7-methoxycoumarin in 20 mL acetone.)... 

Watkinson [1988] lists some surfactants used for their dispersing action in organic liquids. He includes amongst them organic and metal sulphonates metal phenolates metal dialkyl dithiophosphates sodium dialkyl sulphosuccinates polyoxyethylene alkyl and alicyclic amines monethanol ammonium phosphate salts co-polymers of N-substituted formamide fatty acid phosphates... 

Trehalose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, raffinose, lactose, glucose Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, octoxynol-9, polyoxyethylene-(23) lauryl alcohol, polyxyethylene-(20) oleyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate Sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium succinate, sodium proprionate, potassium phosphate Cyclodextrins, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, inositol Ascorbic acid, glutathione... 

Figure 4 Estradiol flux through human stratum comeum when the drug is applied oedu-sively in liquid or gel state vesicles prepared from polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and cholesterol. Ail formulations are saturated with respect to estradiol. (A) Plus estradiol applied in PBS , estradiol applied in liquid state vesicles prepared from decaoxyethylene oleyl ether (Q.gEOjo) and cholesterol , estradiol applied in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) after pretreatmem of vesicles prepared from C,.,EOjo and cholesterol. (B) Plus estradiol applied in PBS , estradiol applied in gel state vesicles prepared from trioxy-ethylene alky octadecyl ether (CitEOr) and cholesterol . estradiol applied in PBS after pretreatmem of vesicles prepared from C,i,EOj and cholesterol.

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