Phosphate pyrophosphate

Function 3 affects performance as determined by the chemistry of alkylate, carboxyl, sulfonyl, phenolic, phosphate, pyrophosphate, and phosphite groups. 

A large number of electrolytic treatments of magnesium, anodic or a.c., have been developed, in which adherent white or grey films consisting of fluoride, oxide, hydroxide, aluminate or basic carbonate are deposited from alkaline solutions containing caustic alkali, alkali carbonates, phosphates, pyrophosphates, cyanides, aluminates, oxalates, silicates, borates, etc. Some films are thin, and some are relatively thick. All are more or less absorbent and act as good bases for paint, though none contributes appreciable inhibition. All can, however, absorb chromates with consequent improvement of protective efficiency. 

Both inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and organic acids, such as formic acid, can be used to increase the pH. Acids are used in combination with surfactants. Various phosphates, pyrophosphates. 

This enzyme [EC 3.1.3.9] catalyzes the hydrolysis of o-glucose 6-phosphate to yield o-glucose and orthophosphate. Some glucose phosphatases also catalyze transphosphorylation reactions from carbamoyl phosphate, hexose phosphates, pyrophosphate, phosphoenolpyru-vate and nucleoside di- and triphosphates, using D-glu-cose, D-mannose, 3-methyl-D-glucose, or 2-deoxy-D-glu-cose as phosphoryl acceptors. See Isotope Exchange (Reactions Away from Equilibrium)... 

This enzyme [EC 2.4.2.10], also known as orotidyhc acid phosphorylase and orotidine-5 -phosphate pyrophosph-orylase, catalyzes the reaction of orotate with 5-phospho-a-D-ribose 1-diphosphate to produce orotidine 5 -phos-phate and pyrophosphate (or, diphosphate). 

Metal ions have been shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate esters, phosphoric and phosphonic acid halides, and various phosphoric acid anhydrides including acyl phosphates, pyrophosphate derivatives, and ATP. 

Bromate, chloride, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, hypophosphite (HP022 ), selenite, selenate, sulphate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, arsenate, chromate, a-hydroxybutyrate, butyrate, formate, acetate, glycolate, gluconate, valerate, a-hydroxy valerate, pyruvate, monochloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, galactonurate, gluconurate, a-keto-glutarate, oxalate, fumarate, phthalate, oxalacetate, citrate, isocitrate, cis aconitate, trans aconitate, succinate, maleate, malonate, quinate, tartrate, hexane sulphonate, octane sulphonate, octane sulphate, decane sulphonate, dodecane sulphonate and dodecane sulphate... 

DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, which is dependent on the phosphate, pyrophosphate or phosphoethanolamine groups of the lipid A moiety, is widely used for lipid A isolation (El Hamidi et al., 2005 Raetz and Kennedy, 1973). TLC, as a lipids detection method, also can be applied for lipid A isolation (Zhou et al., 1999). In addition, the chromatography techniques based on the molecular... 

I von Gierke la glucose-6-phosphatase Ib translocase for glucose 6-phosphatase Ic phosphate/pyrophosphate translocase Liver, Iddney, intestines... 

Microsomal phosphate/pyrophosphate transport protein M.W. 37,000), which transports phosphate, pyrophosphate, and carbamoyl phosphate, which are substrates for glucose-6-phosphatase and... 

A method for separation of hypophosphite, phosphite, phosphate, pyrophosphate, and triphosphate by ion exchange chromatography, with HCl and KCl solutions as eluents, has been proposed [148]. 

ATP metabolic energy, phosphate-, pyrophosphate transfer, adenylation ... 

Alanine Amino acids AMP, Anions Butyric acid Calcium (Ca Q Creatine phosphate Diethylstilbestrol (DE) Fatty acids Lithium (Li+) Phenylalanine Phosphate Pyhridoxal-5-phosphate Pyrophosphate Pyruvic Acid, Quercetin Sulphate Tris. 

Attention has also been focused on the oxidation of thiols in the presence of solid catalysts. One of the more comprehensive investigations into systems of this type has been made by Wallace et al. [133,145, 146] with a view to the possible use of phthalocyanine type complexes as commercial sweetening catalysts. Comparisons were drawn with metal pyrophosphates, phosphomolybdates, phosphotungstates, and phosphates. Pyrophosphates were found to be effective catalysts, possible due to the existence of six-membered rings involving the cobalt cation [147], which enhances the ability of the cation to donate an electron to oxygen and stabilises each oxidation state of the cation. For a series of pyrophosphates, the order of activity was Co > Cu > Ni > Fe, an activity pattern which was explained in terms of the stability of the 3d electron shells. 

In a previous paper (11)/ we described the effects of small ionic species on the surface charge of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The effects were detected by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of the particles in the aqueous phase. The influences of the activity of calcium and oxalate ions monovalent electrolytes and sulfate/ phosphate/ pyrophosphate/ and citrate ions on the electrophoretic mobility were studied. It was found that the results could be accounted for hy certain established theories for the electrical double layer/ which is also useful for analyzing the results of the present work. 

Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced by Newman and Tate (1980) to define the structural composition of soil organic phosphorus. The technique allows the identification of several inorganic phosphorus forms (phosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate) and organic phosphorus forms, such as phosphate monoesters (e.g. inositol phosphates and sugar phosphates), phosphate diesters (e.g. nucleic acids, phospholipids, teichoic acids) and phosphonates. 

Nimmo, H., and Nimmo, G. (1982). A General Method for the Localization of Enzymes that Produce Phosphate, Pyrophosphate, or C02 After Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoreses, Anal. Biochem. 121 17-22. 

Orotate + 5-phospho-a-D-ribosylpyrophosphate - orotidine-5 -phosphate + pyrophosphate... 

The first reaction is catalysed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (orotidine 5 -phosphate pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.10) which is readily reversible. The equilibrium constant for the forward reaction [109] is about 0.1. The reaction is specific for orotate (the enzyme usually does not accept uracil) and some synthetic analogues of orotic acid (Chapter 6). Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity was found in many animal tissues [110] and there are several phosphoribosyl-transferases of broad specifity which are distinct from the enzyme involved in the orotate pathway [111-113]. 

Ribosylamine-5-phosphate pyrophosphate phospho-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase... 

Orotidine-5 -phosphate pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, orotidine-5 -phosphate pyrophosphorylase... 

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