Alkaline phosphate

Cobalt(II) phosphate octahydrate [10294-50-5], Co2(P0272 8H20, is a red to purple amorphous powder. The product is obtained by reaction of an alkaline phosphate and solutions of cobalt salts. The material is insoluble in water or alkaU, but dissolves in mineral acids. The phosphate is used in glazes, enamels, pigments (qv) and plastic resins, and in certain steel (qv) phosphating operations (see Enamels,PORCELAIN ORVITREOUS). 

The Guerbet reaction (386—389) involving condensation of ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide, catalyzed by potassium hydroxide and boric anhydride (390,391) or alkaline phosphates (392), gives / -butanol [71-36-3]. ... 

The corrosion rates of nickel and nickel alloys in pure water and steam at elevated temperatures are generally extremely low, typically of the order of 1 m/year. The metal and its alloys are therefore often selected for service in these environments in circumstances where contamination of the water by metal ions is to be avoided. It should be noted, however, that the possibility of stress corrosion may need to be taken into account in certain circumstances (see below). Additionally where phosphate water treatment has been used in PWR secondary heat exchangers, severe localised corrosion has occurred when alkaline phosphates have been permitted to accumulate . 

De-oiling, typically using a blend of chemical materials such as caustic and alkaline phosphates together with nonfoaming surfactants the phosphates employed are generally either trisodium phosphate (TSP) or tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP)... 

When boiler cleaning takes place, it often is followed by the circulation of a hot alkaline phosphate solution to provide adequate passivation of metal surfaces. (A typical formulation may also include sodium gluconate, antifoam, and dispersants.)... 

Whatever the source of this type of contamination, it must be quickly and effectively removed from the boiler to prevent the problem from recurring. The standard procedure is to blow down the boiler to the maximum extent possible until the oil is removed. In more serious cases, it may be necessary to drop the boiler and provide a boil-out program. A boiler boil-out uses a simple formulation (usually based on caustic or strongly alkaline phosphates) and is employed to re-expose and repassivate the metal surfaces. 

Alkaline phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, or phosphate-alkali mixtures containing various percentages of caustic soda... 

Both hand washing and machine washing and drying procedures are in use in industrial analytical laboratories. The variety of available soaps include alkaline phosphate-based and phosphate-free soaps. While phosphate-based soaps are quite satisfactory for cleaning purposes because phosphate helps to... 

Finally, we propose that APR becomes phosphorylated by the putative APR-kinase April and thereby inactivated, as a second resistance mechanism in addition to the 16S rRNA methylation by KamB, during biosynthesis or thereafter. Because AprZ is significantly similar to the StrK protein, a member of the protein family of extracellular alkaline phosphates and a STR-phosphate-specific dephosphorylase (see Section 2.2.1.2), this modification is urgently suggested by presence of the conserved aprZ gene in the biosynthetic cluster. April is a member of the large kinase family comprising all the antibiotic and protein kinases. As in the STR producers, the postulated APR-phosphate would exported via the ABC transport system AprV/AprW and set free by dephosphorylation outside the cells via the phospatase AprZ. 

ALT, AST, alkaline phosphate, bilirubin, and CBC prior to treatment and monthly during treatment... 

No particular work-up is required before starting a child on Buspirone. If liver disease is suspected, a serum level of alkaline phosphate can be obtained because decreases in clearance are directly correlated with increases in alkaline phosphate (Gammans et ah, 1986). 

The non-specific alkaline phosphatases present in bone and calcifying cartilage have several properties in common. The ATPases concerned in the formation of different hard tissues seem to be isozymes. It could be shown that two enzymes capable of degrading ATP exist. One of them can be inhibited by levamisole and R 8231 and is probably identical with non-specific alkaline phosphates. The activity of the other enzyme, tentatively named Ca-ATPase , is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is activated by these ions. The Ca-ATPase is unaffected by ouabain and ruthenium red. It may be speculated that the Ca-ATPase is concerned with the transmembranous transport of Ca2+-ions to the mineralization front229. ... 

High boiler-water alkalinity tends to increase carryover, particularly in the presence of an appreciable quantity of suspended matter. This effect may be corrected by various methods, dependent on the cause of the high alkalinity. For example, if trisodium phosphate is being added to the boiler water, a less alkaline phosphate, such as disodium or monosodium phosphate will help in reducing alkalinity. 

Alkaline phosphate substrate buffer 100 mM Tris-Cl, pH 9.5 100 mM NaCl 5 mM MgCl2... 

Reaction velocity, proteinases, 355-356 Reagents and Solutions 5a-cholestane solution, 459 acrylamide solutions, 176 alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH), 472 alkaline phosphate substrate buffer, 213 ammonium acetate buffer, 0.1 M, pH 5.2, 714... 

A simple assay for TMP in bovine tissue and plasma was used. The tissue sample was homogenized with alkaline phosphate buffer and partitioned with dichloromethane. The TMP was reextracted with sulphuric acid. The aqueous layer was mixed with phosphate buffer, and it was further cleaned by SPE according to the previously published assays (174). Sulphadoxine, administered together with TMP, was assayed using TLC densitometry. These assays were used for the study of adsorption and depletion of TMP and SDX from the healthy animals. It was observed that both TMP and SDX were readily adsorbed onto the tissues, but TMP was eliminated much faster than SDX (175). 

These treatments have been variously called alkaline phosphate, alkaline zinc, or zinc polymer/phosphonate programs. 

Alkaline phosphate programs These programs use the reverse ratios of phosphate compared with stabilized phosphate. Typically, the 0 P ratio is 1 2, with approx. 5 ppm PO4 in the cooling water, at 100 ppm alkalinity, down to 2 ppm PO4 at 300 ppm alkalinity. 

Table 8.5 Alkaline Phosphate Program Selection Notes...

Stuart, Christine M Eastin, Phillip M. Chemical Treatment Alkaline Phosphate—A New Direction for Phosphate Cooling Water Regimens. As reproduced in Industrial Water Treatment, Vol. 25, No. 1, January/February 1993. 

---