Phillips Pasadena

The European Union enacted the directive on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances in response to the 1976 dioxin release from the ICMESA facility near Seveso, Italy the United States enacted a similar Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act in response to the 1984 Bhopal disaster and 1989 Phillips Pasadena, Texas, refinery explosion and fire. 

Phillips, Pasadena, TX 1989 23 deaths, 132 injuries Explosion of flammables A formal requirement for process safety is needed in the United States. 

Phillips Pasadena (1989), BP Texas City (2005), Buncefield, UK (2005), Puerto Rico (2009), and Deepwater Horizon/British Petroleum (2010) have aU amply demonstrated the loss of life, property damage, extreme financial costs, environmental impact, and the impact to an organization s reputation that these incidents can produce. 

Phillips (1) A process for polymerizing ethylene and other linear olefins and di-olefins to make linear polymers. This is a liquid-phase process, operated in a hydrocarbon solvent at an intermediate pressure, using a heterogeneous oxide catalyst such as chromia on silica/ alumina. Developed in the 1950s by the Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, OK, and first commercialized at its plant in Pasadena, TX. In 1991, 77 reaction fines were either operating or under construction worldwide, accounting for 34 percent of worldwide capacity for linear polyethylene. 

Event 2 Explosion—Plastics manufacturing. Phillips Petroleum, Pasadena, Texas (October 23, 1989). 23 fatalities, 130-300 injured extensive facility damage (U.S. 

U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). 1989. Phillips Petroleum Chemical Plant explosion and fire, Pasadena, Texas. U.S. Fire Administration Technical Report 035. Emmitsburg, MD Federal Emergency Management Agency. 

A major refinery in Norco, Louisiana, U.S., experienced an explosion on May 5, 1988, resulting from a rupture of an elbow in process piping. Property damages were estimated to be 300 million (U.S., 1988) which was the most costly refinery incident up to that time. (The Phillips Incident in Pasadena, Texas, just 17 months later in October, 1989, experienced property damages two-and-a-half times greater.) This Norco incident had enormous effects on worldwide feedstock supplies. [25]... 

On October 23, 1989, at approximately 1300, an explosion and fire ripped through the Phillips 66 Company s Houston Chemical Complex in Pasadena, Texas. At the site, 23 workers were killed, and more than 130 were injured. Property damage was nearly 750 million. Business interruption cost is not available but is probably a very large figure. 

Commercial plants Lyondell Petrochemical Co., Channelview, Texas, uses both the OCT technology and ethylene dimerization technology. Two other plants have used related technology including a Phillips 66 Co. plant at Pasadena, Texas. A 690-million lb/yr unit is under construction for BASF Fina Petrochemicals in Port Arthur, Texas. 

K-Resin SBC was invented by Alonzo Kitchen, a research chemist at Phillips Petroleum Research and Development laboratories. With inventorship came the opportunity to name the new resin, which he called K-Resin . The first pilot plant resins were made in 1967, and commercial samples were prepared for test marketing in 1968. Commercial production started in October of 1972 at the SBC plant in Borger, Texas, on a 10 million pound per year capacity line. Initially, the solution product was steam stripped to remove the hydrocarbon solvent, but this left a significant haze in the resin. The finishing system was quickly converted to a devolatilizing extruder. Commercial production continued at this plant until 1979, ending with the opening of a new production facility at Adams Terminal (later renamed the Houston Chemical Complex) in Pasadena, Texas. The new plant had a nameplate capacity of 120 million pounds per year. Plant expansions increased the production capacity in 1988 and 1994 to a total nameplate capacity around 300 million pounds per year. 

The flammable gases used by the petrochemical industry have been involved in many accidents.109 A Are and explosion following a leak of ethylene and isobutane from a pipeline at a Phillips plant in Pasadena, Texas, in 1989, killed 23 people and injured 130.110 The U. S. Occupa... 

Pasadena, Texas, US At a Phillips 66 plant, 23 were killed and 132 were injured after a reactor broke and a mixture of ethylene and isobutane Ignited. 

K-Resin, Technical Brochure No. 1381-88-A02, Phillips 66 Company, Pasadena, Tex. 

In April of 1955, Phillips Petroleum began plans to construct a 180 million Ib/year high-purity ethylene plant and an adjacent 75 million Ib/year HDPE plant. Twenty months later, the Phillips HDPE plant started up on December 31,1956, in Pasadena, Texas, utilizing the continuous autoclave solution process shown in Figure 5.9. Some important developments that took place before the start-up of this historic plant are summarized in Table 5.15 [21]. 

U.S. Patent 3,152,872 issued to J.S. Scoggin and Harvey S. Kimble on October 13, 1964, and assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company, provides a detailed description of the separation system used to isolate the solid polyethylene granular particles from the liquid diluent used in the vertical pipe-loop reactor. The contributions of Scoggin and Kimble were important in the design and start-up of the first commercial loop reactor in Pasadena, Texas, in 1961. It should be noted that the first vertical loop reactor used n-pentane as the slurry solvent, which was later changed to isopentane and then to isobutane in about 1970. 

Facilitf. Phillips Petroleum Location Pasadena, Texas Date of Event. October 23, 1989 Chemical(s) involved. Plastics manufacturing... 

In 1954, the Phillips Petroleum Company annotmced a polyethylene process that had been discovered by Hogan and Banks,in which a chromium catalyst was used. By 1956, nine companies had become process licensees and Phillips was producing high-density polyethylene (HOPE) in its plant at Pasadena, Texas. A branched form of HOPE was made in 1958 by the introduction of a comonomer, 1-butene. This modified form of HDPE is now known as linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). Since 1956 the Phillips process has been widely used tlnoughout the world and various new forms of the chromium catalyst have continued the extremely successful development of the process. 

Recent major disasters include the 1984 Bhopal, India, incident resulting in more than 2,000 deaths the October 1989 Phillips Pe-trolerrm Company, Pasadena, Texas, incident resulting in 23 deaths and 132 injuries the Jirly 1990 BASF, Cincinnati, Ohio, incident resulting in 2 deaths, and the May 1991 IMC, Sterlington, Louisiana, incident resitlting in 8 deaths and 128 injuries. 

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