Phase induced

Bachman, R.E., Fioritto, M.S., Fetics, S.K and Cocker, T.M. (2001) The Structural and Functional Equivalence of Aurophilic and Hydrogen Bonding Evidence for the First Examples of Rotator Phases Induced by Aurophilic Bonding. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123, 5376-5377. 

Millar, J. B. A., and Russell, P. (1992). The cdc25 M-phase inducer an unconventional protein phophatase. Cell 68 407-410. 

Phase transitions of the PS-fo-PI system have been extensively studied. The morphological transition from the I phase to the G phase proceeds through nucleation and growth. The difference in the geometrical characteristics of these two phases induces considerable local distortion of both morphologies... 

The diquark condensation in the 2SC phase induces a color asymmetry which is proportional to the chemical potential /./, . Therefore we can write... 

Basically, whenever isotopic exchanges occur between different phases (i.e., heterogeneous equilibria), isotopic fractionations are more appropriately described in terms of differential reaction rates. Simple diffusion laws are nevertheless appropriate in discussions of compositional gradients within a single phase— induced, for instance, by vacancy migration mechanisms, such as those treated in section 4.10—or whenever the isotopic exchange process does not affect the extrinsic stability of the phase. 

Growth factor- q t/S phase induced mitogenesis Cell survival... 

Figure 9 (a) The network of crossing steps, and (b) a combination of two step arrays of different orientation, after the phase separation, predicted by (5) for e > 0, has occurred. The + and - indicate the opposite reconstruction phases induced by the clockwise steps. 

The characterization tools to investigate cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are mostly used to study the catalyst materials under conditions far from industrially relevant reaction conditions i.e., in the presence of CO and H2, as well as of the reaction products, including H2O at reaction temperatures and at high pressures. Since catalytic solids are dynamic materials undergoing major changes under reaction conditions it can be anticipated that the currently obtained information on the active site is at least incomplete. This holds also for the active state and location of the promoter element under reaction conditions. For example, an electronic elfect on the cobalt active phase induced by a promoter element can maybe exist only at high pressures and will remain -due to the lack of the appropriate instrumentation - unnoticed to the catalyst... 

Finally the viscosity of the aqueous phase induced by the Acacia gum slows internal agitation and stabilizes the system. 

Coacervation Is a very complicated physical phenomenon. And, many factors affect the properties of the resulting microcapsules. Coacervation and phase separation from organic and aqueous media Involve many properties, materials and processes such as phase Inducing agents, stirring rates, core to wall ratios, polymer characteristics, core characteristics (wettability, solubility), cooling rates and rates of addition. 

Transition from a cylindrical phase to a lamellar phase induced by addition of homopolymer... 

UsingTEM to identify blend morphology, two diblocks with/ps 0.8 that form cubic-packed spherical phases and cylindrical phases respectively in the pure copolymer were found not to macrophase separate in a blend with d = 2.2, but to form single domain structures (cylinders or spheres) in the blend (Koizumi et al. 1994c). Similarly, blending a diblock with fK = 0.26 with one with fK = 0.64 (d = 1.2) led to uniform microphase-separated structures, with a lamellar phase induced in the 50 50 blend. Vilesov et al. (1994) also observed that blending two PS-PB diblocks with approximately inverse compositions (i.e. 22wt% PS and 72 wt% PS) induces a lamellar phase in the 50 50 blend. These examples all correspond to case (i). 

Nakata M, Takanishi Y, Watanabe J, Takezoe H (2003) Blue phases induced by doping chiral nematic liquid crystals with non-chiral molecules. Phys Rev E 68 041710-1-6... 

On a side note, Ouskova and co-workers also reported that the composite of magnetic /i-FejOs nanorods in 5CB showed lower threshold voltages than pure 5CB, and that the sensitivity of the nematic liquid crystal to external magnetic fields was increased in the presence of such magnetic nanorods [451]. Finally, several groups interested in the macroscopic organization and orientation of nanorods also reported on the formation of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase induced by the self-assembly of polymer-coated semiconductor nanorods [453—457], which might be used to improve the device performance, for example, of solar cells. 

Cholesterol sulfate is another intercellular lipid. Addition of low levels of cholesterol sulfate, as observed in normal healthy stratum corneum, to lipid mixtures has little effect on the phase behavior at room temperature. However, addition of high levels of cholesterol sulfate, at levels similar to that observed in the skin disease recessive X-linked ichthyosis, promotes the formation of the long periodicity phase, induces the formation of a fluid phase, and increases the solubility of cholesterol in the lamellar phases [72,80],... 

Laeubli, M. and Kampus, B. (1995) Selectivity Enhancement on a Poly (butadiene-maleic acid) Coated Cation Phase Induced by Ethylene Oxide-based Complexing Agents, J. Chromatogr. A 706, 103-107. 

The picture shows an X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (XRD-RSM) measurement at the 204 diffraction of a PZT 52/48 thin film on a SRO-STO substrate. A tetragonal phase with 90° domains as well as a pseudocubic phase induced by the strain of the substrate are observed. 

Fig. 10.12. Mesocestoides corti effect of the gas phase on the induction of sexual differentiation of tetrathyridia in vitro. The anaerobic phase induced significantly higher segmentation rates than air. Cl, confidence intervals. (Reprinted with permission from International Journal for Parasitology, 16, Ong, S. J. Smyth, J. D. Effects of some culture factors on sexual differentiation of Mesocestoides corti grown from tetrathyridia in vitro, 1986, Pergamon Journals Ltd.)...

In most strains of mice, worms are lost within one to two months, but the mechanism of worm expulsion remains unknown. Although early workers believed that only the tissue phase and not the lumen phase induced immunity, recent work (800) using mouse derived cysticercoids (i.e. extracted from villi) suggests that the lumen phase, too, appears to be immunogenic. 

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