Localization considerations

Local considerations. There are many other local factors which dictate the path of method development. An increasingly common example is the development of a method which, as well as serving for quantitation, may be directly transferred to HPLC-mass spectrometry (commonly referred to as LC-MS) to allow the identification of minor components in a sample. This is achievable if the desired separation can be obtained using an ammonium acetate buffer instead of the more usual phosphate buffer. On the other hand, if it was intended that the unknown minor components should be isolated in milligram quantities to allow full structural elucidation using techniques such as H NMR as well as mass spectrometry, then conditions would be developed especially for the isolation unless the conditions for quantitative work coincidentally also lent... 

The manufacture of any large-scale, industrially important compound is susceptible to changes in the availability of raw materials, the economic climate, legislative constraints, and the particular manufacturer s local considerations. There is little doubt, at the present time, that (under the vast majority of conditions) the synthesis of phosgene from carbon monoxide and dichlorine, catalysed by activated charcoal, constitutes the most favourable method in economic terms. 

Homogenous reactions are more amenable to quantitative analysis and can, therefore, be developed more completely, as discussed earlier. The same local considerations apply for heterogeneous reactions, where the expected molar ratios between reactants cannot be maintained. In heterogeneous reactions, mass transfer limitations at phase boimdaries, as well as local mixing limitations may affect the local concentration and reaction. 

If the thickness of the surface layer in which a surface exciton-polariton is localized considerably exceeds the lattice constant of a crystal, the electric and magnetic field strength vectors, i.e. vectors E and H of a wave with energy hw in both media (in vacuum and in the crystal the crystal is assumed to be nonmagnetic so that the magnetic induction vector B = H), satisfy Maxwell s equations... 

In terms of ocean disposal of carbon dioxide, further studies must be undertaken in the areas of physical chemistry, oceanography and marine biology to establish the fate of the carbon dioxide that is injected and its impact on the sea-bed ecology. This will necessitate both small-scale laboratory studies and pilot-scale demonstrations in carefully selected areas where the environmental consequences will be localized. Considerable effort will be required to demonstrate to a sceptical public that the practice would give rise to no adverse consequences. At the end of the day, should geological storage prove to be unsatisfactory or insecure, the ultimate choice may lie between release to the atmosphere or to the oceans, and the latter may be the lesser environmental evil. For this reason, if for no other, it is important to continue investigating marine disposal as a fall-back option. 

While the BAT reference documents do not set legally binding standards, they are meant to give information for the guidance of industry, Member States and the public on achievable emission and consumption levels when using specified techniques. The appropriate limit values for any specific case will need to be determined taking into account the objectives of the IPPC Directive and the local considerations. 

Although an attempt is made to address some of these issues, it is not possible for them to be considered fully in this document. The techniques and levels presented in Chapter 5 will therefore not necessarily be appropriate for all installations. On the other hand, the obligation to ensure a high level of environmental protection, including the minimisation of long-distance or transboundary pollution, implies that permit conditions cannot be set on the basis of purely local considerations. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the information contained in this document is fully taken into account by permitting authorities. 

Each category of waste has certain appropriate disposal methods. In choosing among these methods, several general principles apply, but local considerations can strongly influence the application of these rules ... 

The cost factors which determine the method of manufacture for any particular model are subject to specific local considerations, but there will always be a break even volume below which the necessary investment in presses and press tools for a steel bodied vehicle is unjustified. It is below this qualifying level, which could be as low as 5000, or as high as 100000, that some kind of chassis and space frame construction can be more cost effective than a unitized steel structure. Nowadays, opting for a space frame is likely to be followed by opting, at least in part, for plastic body panels. 

The more important resonant condition on HB takes place at (a 1.044, b 0.608) where the saddle value cr vanishes (see Sec. 13.6). Near such a point the local consideration reduces to the corresponding truncated normal form — a one-dimensional Poincare map... 

The degree to which energy is generated in this way varies in different regions of the world, often due to local considerations such as whether landfill regulations are in place and how much landfill space is available. 

Figure 7.6 shows how well this relationship is fulfilled, and how rapidly and without drift the cell reacts to changes in CO2 partial pressure. We shall demonstrate once more, using the electrode reaction and transport processes, that Eq. (7.24) also follows from local considerations and that all activities are fixed. Let us consider Cell Cl ... 

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