Permissable Exposure Levels PELs

Maleic Anhydride. The ACGIH threshold limit value in air for maleic anhydride is 0.25 ppm and the OSHA permissible exposure level (PEL) is also 0.25 ppm (181). Maleic anhydride is a corrosive irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Pulmonary edema (collection of fluid in the lungs) can result from airborne exposure. Skin contact should be avoided by the use of mbber gloves. Dust respirators should be used when maleic anhydride dust is present. Maleic anhydride is combustible when exposed to heat or flame and can react vigorously on contact with oxidizers. The material reacts exothermically with water or steam. Violent decompositions of maleic anhydride can be catalyzed at high temperature by strong bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, alkaU metals, and amines). Precaution should be taken during the manufacture and use of maleic anhydride to minimize the presence of basic materials. 

Typical units for LDjq values are milligrams or grams of material per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg or g/kg, recall that 1 kg = 2.2 pounds). Never be exposed to an LD50 dose of a hazardous chemical- by definition, there is a 50% chance this will kill you and if you survive you are not going to be in good shape. Pay close attention to the permissible exposure level (PEL) instead. This is a more realistic determination of the maximum safe exposure to a material and is usually based on the known effects of the chemical on humans, rather than laboratory animals. 

Table 3 gives the threshold limit value (TLV) and permissible exposure level (PEL) of ammonia. 

Some sites are easy to elassify due to their inehision on the National Priorities List (NPL), state superfund, or other regulatory list. In other eases, debate ean and does arise to determine if a site should be treated as hazardous. Eor example, some sites eommonly referred to as brown fields have eontamination levels that are eonsidered low. Sometimes levels of eontamination are so low that exposure levels to workers do not reaeh aetion levels or permissible exposure levels (PEL). Some firms have ehosen to treat low-level eontaminated sites as if they fell under HAZWOPER requirements. This is a somewhat eonservative approaeh whieh provides a eomfort faetor for management and potentially responsible parties (PRP) or other entities. 

OSHA ozone exposure limits, 17 815 OSHA Permissible Exposure Level (PEL), for sulfuric acid, 23 795 OSHA regulations, for vinyl chloride, 25 650, 651... 

Inspection of the table discloses that the permissible exposure level (PEL) = 10 ppm for methylamine. Since the... 

Permissible exposure level (PEL) Occupational Safety and Health Administration Official regulatory Allowable daily intake (ADI) Food and Drug Administration Official regulatory... 

Acute- and chronic-duration inhalation exposure MRLs for diazinon were not derived because of a lack of suitable studies in the literature. Since diazinon is not volatile, inhalation exposure near toxic waste sites is probably less likely than oral or dermal exposure. However, the potential risk of adverse health effects from inhalation exposure to diazinon cannot be assessed without information on the levels actually present in the air around the site. The MRL level of 0.009 mg diazinon/m3 should be protective for individuals living near waste sites. NIOSH has recommended a Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) of 0.1 mg diazinon/m3 to protect the health of individuals who regularly use diazinon in their work the MRL level of... 

Air Contaminants (29 CFR 1910.1000). OSHA requires that employees who must work in or near industrial operational areas with an ambient air exposure limit above a set level wear appropriate respiratory protection. The permissible exposure levels (PELs) of major concern for colorant and additive formulators are as follows ... 

For occupational exposures, Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs), Threshold Limit, Values (TLVs), and NIOSH Recommended Exposure Levels (RELs) are developed. They represent dose levels that will not produce adverse health effects from repeated daily exposures in the workplace. The method used to derive them is conceptually the same. Safety factors are used to derive the PELs, TLVs, and RELs. 

A gas leak has led to the presence of 1.00 mole% carbon monoxide in a 350-m laboratory. The leak was discovered and sealed, and the laboratory is to be purged with clean air lo a point at which the air contains less than the OSHA (Occupational Safely and Health Administration)-specified Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) of 35 ppm (molar basis). Assume that the clean air and the air in the laboratory are at the same temperature and pressure and that the laboratory air is perfectly mixed throughout the purging process. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for regulating the in-plant occupational exposure to EtO in the United States. Under the current OSHA standard, accepted by several other countries, the permissible exposure level (PEL) of EtO is 1 ppm (1.8 mg m ) per 8 hr (time-weighted average). However, an action level of 0.5 ppm is advisable, since it is a guarantee of employers from low employee exposure levels. 

PEL Permissible exposure level. PEL data are those established by... 

Table 35.1 Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL) and Air Odor Thresholds (AOT) (in ppm) for Volatile Organic Compounds120,211...

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure level (PEL) of vinyl chloride (VC) at 1.0 part per million (ppm) as a maximiun time-weighted average (TWA) for an 8-h workday. The PEL was set at 1.0 ppm because vinyl chloride is a suspected carcinogen. Thus, if vinyl chloride escapes into the air, the concentration of vinyl chloride must be maintained at or below 1.0 ppm. The major source of VC escape into the workplace air in typical process conditions is fugitive emissions from pipe connections such as valves, flanges, and pump seals. 

OSHA has in the past decade completed a number of rulemakings on occupational carcinogens, including arsenic, benzene, asbestos, ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile. The agency conducted risk assessments and concluded that occupational exposure standards - so-called Permissible Exposure Levels, PELs - were too high and had to be reduced. 

Although the CW agents and TICs are very toxic, various federal agencies have developed guidelines for possible exposures to determine safe concentrations and times for various operations for each chemical. These are based on work and exposures civilians and mihtary personnel may be required to experience in a toxic environment. There are different exposure times for various activities and therefore for various agencies. Eor example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets permissible exposure levels (PELs) for people who might be exposed... 

In 1996, a previous subcommittee of the National Research Council s Committee on Toxicology (COT)1 judged that the Navy s interim 8-hr time-weighted-average permissible exposure level (PEL) of 350 mg/m3 for JP-4, JP-5, and JP-8 was adequate to protect the health of Navy personnel occupation-ally exposed to vapors from those fuels, based on the data available at that time however, it identified a number of data gaps and recommended that the PEL for the three jet-fuel vapors be considered interim until further research had been completed. 

In the 1980s, the U.S. Department ofDefense (DOD) selected jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) as its primary fuel. JP-8 is widely used by the military not only for aircraft, but also for ground vehicles and other equipment, such as generators, cooking stoves, and tent heaters. Military personnel can be exposed to JP-8 vapors and aerosols during a number of operational scenarios, including aircraft refueling and maintenance. To protect the health ofits personnel, DOD recommended an interim permissible exposure level (PEL) of 350 mg/m3. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, chemical-resistant gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls wear dust-resistant goggles when working with powders or dust a system of local exhaust ventilation is recommended to control emissions at the source and to prevent dispersion into general work area appropriate respirators equipped with particulate filters are needed in areas where the exposure would be above the permissible exposure level (PEL) for increased protection use self-contained breathing apparatus maintain eyewash baths and safety showers in work area. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION appropriate respirators are needed in areas where exposure would be above the permissible exposure level (PEL) wear rubber over-clothing, including gloves wear splash-proof safety goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus. 

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