Permeability porosity

Outcrops exploration provides samples of seal and storage formation, to evaluate some properties such as hydrogeology and geomechanical properties (permeability, porosity, etc.)... 

However, many other tissue parameters, such as membrane permeability, porosity, and cell size, are required for the development of models regarding all the mechanisms acting on the various components (intercellular and extracellular spaces, vacuole, etc.). For most tissues subjected to osmotic treatment, lack of data required for this modeling approach represents a hindrance to progress. 

Many site-specific factors can infiuence the cost of VESTRIP treatment. Soil properties that can influence the cost of any SVE system include permeability, porosity, depth and stratigraphy of the contamination, site heterogeneity, and seasonal water table fiuctuations. In general, the more permeable and homogenous the soil, the more efficiently any SVE will operate, and the lower treatment costs will be (D22449H, p. 4-4). 

Soil permeability/porosity (D17801S, p. 2 D18893G, p. 2 personal communication with vendor, 1/00)... 

Certain types and levels of heavy metals can be detrimental to the biological process, as can some other microbial inhibitors such as pH, extreme temperature, lack of moisture, and lack of soil permeability/porosity. 

Distribution of proteins to tissues is controlled by the permeability (porosity) of the vasculatures and thereby influenced by the molecular size of the protein. A protein of greater than 150kDa ( 50nm) in size will have limited distribution and may be restricted to blood volume. Infrequently a large protein has amino acid recognition sequences that allow passage across epithelial cells lining the vasculatures by transcy-tosis, a process that allows directional transport of protein into and out of a cell. 

The three types of adsorption are (1) physical, (2) chemical, and (3) exchange adsorption. Especially important to the success of in situ treatment by Fe° are the soil characteristics, which affect soil sorptive behavior such as mineralogy, permeability, porosity texture, surface qualities, and pH. Physical adsorption is due to van der Waal s forces between molecules where the adsorbed molecule is not fixed on the solid surface but is free to move over the surface and may condense and form several superimposed layers. An important characteristic of physical adsorption is its reversibility. On the other hand, chemical adsorption is a result of much stronger forces with a layer forming, usually of one molecule thickness, where the molecules do not move. It is normally not reversible and must be removed by heat. The exchange adsorption and ion exchange process involves adsorption by electrical attraction between the adsorbate and the surface (Rulkens, 1998). 

Pryor W. A. (1973) Permeability-porosity patterns and variations in some Holocene sand bodies. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull. 57, 162-189. 

Two parameters define the performance of a filter medium porosity and permeability. Porosity expresses the percentage of empty space in a porous structure, in relation to total volume. Porosity is an indication of the total volume likely to trap impurities. The more porous the filter, the greater its capacity to retain contaminants. 

Rodriguez E, Giacomelli F, Vazquez A (2004) Permeability-porosity relationship in RTM for different fiberglass and natural reinforcements. J Compos Mater 38(3) 259-268 Roland C (1913) Possibilities for investment in the manufacture of Canadian flax fiber. Witmipeg Industrial Bureau, Wiimipeg, Canada, 12 pp... 

A variety of soil physical measurements can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil conditioners. These measurements include infiltration rate, air permeability, porosity, aggregate stability, penetration resistance, or bulk density. Reliable standardized procedures are needed to compare and/or evaluate the effect of soil conditioners on soil physical properties. For example, many companies rely on penetrometer measurements to evaluate their product, but do not standardize their measurements with respect to moisture content or bulk density. Such non-standardized observations may easily lead to erroneous claims about the product. Also, be cautious of studies relying on measurements that are not easily quantified such as soil tilth, stickiness, tightness, or hardness. 

Water alone is not always adequate for fracturing certain formations because its low viscosity limits its ability to transport proppant. In response to this problem, the industry developed linear and cross-linked fluids, which are higher viscosity fracturing fluids. Water gellants or thickeners are used to create these gelled fluids. Gellant selection is based on formation characteristics such as pressure, temperature, permeability, porosity, and zone thickness. These gelled fluids are described in more detail below. 

For high values of e comparable to relaxation ones, and especially for very high values, mechano-degradation occurs. The process intensity is very well correlated with e, as well as with permeability, porosity and flow geometry. 

Cores cut from outcrops that are quarried for building stone are commonly used in studies of oil recovery. For this study a total of 61 core plugs, each with a nominal length of 0.5 in and a nominal diameter of 1.5 in, were cut from 19 different rocks. Some of them are cunently in use for laboratory studies of oil recovery. 18 of the core plugs were carbonates (lim tones) and 43 were sandstones. The cores were washed, dried at ambient temperature for one day and then oven dried at 110 C for two days. The permeability to nitrogen, kg, was measured in a Hassler-type core holder at a confining pressure of 2.07 MPa (300 psi). Porosity was calculated from the increase in mass after saturation under vacuum with water. Permeability, porosity, BET surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of each rock sample are listed in Table 1. 

We emphasize that the parameter c in Equation 14-17, which characterizes the filtration properties of the mudcake, was assumed to be constant only for simplicity. In essence, the mudcake was taken as a rigid medium that does not respond to imposed pressure. This idealization is not true. Figure 14-7, which illustrates mudcake growth with time, also shows direct evidence that local cake density increases with time, a result of nonlinear compaction. The resulting changes in cake permeability, porosity, and particle packing, which cause c to vary, must be accounted for in improved models. 

Measurement of mudcake properties. The mudcake model used required independent lab measurements for permeability, porosity, and solid fraction. This implied the need for tedious, time-consuming tasks involving weighing, drying, sorting, and so on, procedures not unlike those reported later by other authors (e.g., Holditch and Dewan, 1991 and Dewan and Chenevert, 1993). The inaccuracies present in such tests pose hurdles to practical field implementation, since any formation predictions obtained would only be as... 

While we have demonstrated how quantities of interest, such as permeability, porosity, hydrocarbon viscosity, and pore pressure, can be uniquely obtained, at least from invasion depth data satisfying our equations for piston-like fluid displacement, the actual problem is far from solved even for the simple fluid dynamics model considered here. For one, the tacit assumption that invasion depths can be accurately inferred from resistivity readings is not entirely correct invasion radii are presently extrapolated from resistivity charts that usually assume concentric layered resistivities, which are at best simplified approximations. And second, since tool response and data interpretation introduce additional uncertainties, not to mention unknown three-dimensional geological effects in the wellbore, time lapse analysis is likely to remain an iterative, subjective, and qualitative process in the near future. With these disclaimers said and done, we now demonstrate via numerical examples how formation parameters might be determined from front radii in actual field runs. 

Permeability is the abiUty of the refractory material to transmit the gas or liquid. The permeable porosity is a part of the capillary porosity. The permeability of the material may aid in understanding the corrosion resistance, the resistance to infiltration of metal, slag, or electrolyte, although there is no direct consequence. 

According to data of (Table 1.1) [32, 33], the ratio of permeable porosity to general porosity is usually 15 % in shamotte alumina silica refractories, about 40 % in silica refractories, and about 30 % in magnesia refractories. 

---