Penetration resistance

Penetrating stains Penetration resistance Penetration theory Penetrometers Peng-Robinson equation DL-Pemcillamine Penicillamine [52-67-5]... 

Transparent ionomer coatings are appHed to glass surfaces to improve safety characteristics (39). Special types of ionomers are used as interlayers between glass sheets for appHcations requiring penetration resistance (40). 

Glass—PVB laminates become mote rigid with a decrease in temperature, and below —7° C approach the performance of soHd glass. At temperatures above 38°C these laminates ate less rigid and provide improved penetration resistance. Some appHcations utili2e he at-strengthened or tempered glass for... 

Automotive and architectural laminates of PVB develop maximum impact strength near 20°C, as shown in Figure 2. This balance is obtained by the plasticizer-to-resin ratio and the molecular weight of the resins. It has been adjusted to this optimum temperature based on environmental conditions and automobile population at various ambient temperatures. The frequency and severity of vehicle occupant injuries vs temperature ranges at the accident location have been studied (5), and the results confirm the selection of the maximum performance temperature and decreasing penetration resistance at temperature extremes. 

J. C. Widman, Recent Developments in Penetration Resistance of Windshield Glass, SAE 650474, SAE, 1965. 

One measure of impact resistance is the laminate s mean break height (MBH) (102). In the standard test, there is a 50% probabiHty that a five-pound (2.27-kg) ball will not fall through a laminate if the ball is dropped at the MBH. Typical MBHs for 12 in. (- 30 cm) square laminates prepared with 30 mil (0.76 mm) thick interlayer are 10 ft ( -- 3 m) at 0°F (—18 C) and 15 ft ( -- 4.6 m) at 70°F (2I°C). Figure 2 shows a relationship between adhesion and falling ball penetration resistance measured at 2I°C. 

Where greater stress is placed on the pipe coating (e.g., in placement in roeky areas) a eoating with greater impact and penetration resistance is necessary without additional proteetion measures. The important faetors (see Section 5.2.3) are ... 

For HEPA filters, the major design paranieter is the system airflow, which can be used to establish the size and number of HEPA filters required. The penetration, resistance, and airflow are determined by the manufacturer before the filter is shipped from the factory." Table 13.7 gives the standard sizes for HEPA filters. 

Probing, driving a rod or pipe into the soil and measuring the penetration resistance, obtains initial subsurface information. This is a low-cost method, but in general it is likely to supply inadequate information about subsurface conditions, especially on the depth and nature of bedrock. 

Attempts made to produce an alloy more resistant to hydrochloric acid have resulted in alloys containing 17-18% silicon or 14-5% silicon and chromium plus 3% molybdenum. The first is produced in Britain, and the second in the United States. The reason for the increase in resistance to hydrochloric acid of the Fe-18 Si alloy is thought to lie primarily in the increased density of the silica-rich film left on the metal by initial corrosion. The addition of 6% chromium with some molybdenum to Fe-14-5 Si causes the formation of extremely stable complex carbides with the consequent complete elimination of graphite plus the formation of a more penetration-resistant silica film, probably containing chromium in substantial quantity. 

Timber species also vary in the treatability of the heartwood - with preservatives in an impregnation plant, and are classified into four categories according to the depth of penetration which can be achieved permeable (complete penetration) moderately resistant (6-18 mm lateral penetration) resistant (3-6 mm lateral penetration) and extremely resistant (no appreciable lateral and very little end-grain penetration). 

Plants are continually exposed to a vast array of potential phytopathogenic fungi nevertheless, plants resist to most of them by blocking fungal development soon after penetration. Resistance against pathogens can be distinguished in resistance at the species level (non-host resistance) and resistance at the cultivar level (race-cultivar resistance). Plants lack a circulatory system and antibodies and have evolved a defense mechanism that is distinct from the vertebrate immune... 

Time of setting of concrete mixtures by penetration resistance Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens Flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading)... 

Bhat, R. A., Miklis, M., Schmelzer, E., Schulze-Lefert, P. and Panstruga, R. (2005). Recruitment and interaction dynamics of plant penetration resistance components in a plasma membrane microdomain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 3135 40. 

Reinforced concrete is the most commonly used construction material for structures designed to resist explosive blast loads. It is used extensively in blast hardened structures because of its strength, ductility (when properly designed), mass, penetration resistance, relative economy, and universal availability. Its strength, mass, and ductility provide high resistance to the extreme blast pressure (psi) and impulse (psi-ms) loads. It is important to remember that (unlike in static load design) in the... 

Accelerating admixture type Stiffening time (h) for penetration resistance of 0.5 N mm- 3.5 N mm-2... 

Fig. 7.13 Proctor needle penetration resistance for mortar sieved from concretes containing varying retarder levels.

Penetration resistance -to insecticides [INSECT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY] (Vol 14)... 

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