Performance enhancement goals

This work has, as the main goal, to offer new options of performance enhancing of such process. One seeks to optimise temperature profiles along the combustion chamber according to pre-established conditions. Discrete internal and the outlet flow positions have been computed in the objective function for further optimisation, which results were used with an on-line optimiser and as a predictive control strategy. 

The goal of multidisciplinary research on multifunctional materials, much of it under the auspices of the DARPA Synthetic Multifunctional Materials Program (Christodoulou and Venables, 2003), is to demonstrate weight and volumetric efficiencies and performance enhancements. Most research is focused on integrating two functions, usually a transport and stractural function, and typically with low intercormectivity (e.g.. Type I or Type II). Many of these studies rely heavily on inherently two-phase stractural materials, such as fiber composites, laminates, foams, and other porous structures, as the matrix for multifunction. Even at this early stage, however, system-level benefits have been noted. 

Powder Preparation. The goal in powder preparation is to achieve a ceramic powder which yields a product satisfying specified performance standards. Examples of the most important powder preparation methods for electronic ceramics include mixing/calcination, coprecipitation from solvents, hydrothermal processing, and metal organic decomposition. The trend in powder synthesis is toward powders having particle sizes less than 1 p.m and Httie or no hard agglomerates for enhanced reactivity and uniformity. Examples of the four basic methods are presented in Table 2 for the preparation of BaTiO powder. Reviews of these synthesis techniques can be found in the Hterature (2,5). 

Our researchers have worked very hard to accomplish our goals by doing things we felt would enhance our synthetic bone materials and their performance to enable them to equal and often exceed the performance of autograft as implants as well as in other types of bone augmentation and replacement. The nonporous tooth enamel solid calcium phosphate materials have flexural strengths of over 20,000 lb in.2 However, without pores it would take an extremely long time to resorb this nonporous bioceramic. 

Branched polymeric materials have different properties than their linear counterparts. In the case of star-branched polymers (multiple branches radiating from a single site), enhanced engineering properties are possible from increased chain entanglements. The initial goal of this research was to create a material with enhanced performance properties via a star-branched network. 

It is dear that the need to formulate new catalysts, which exhibit enhanced performance with respect to those currently employed for spedfic reactions, represents a difficult undertaking. The goal, therefore, is not an ideal catalyst but the optimum, which may be defined by economic feasibility studies concerning not only the catalyst but also the rest of the process [41]. Depending on the use and the economic competition, optimization studies establish a hierarchy among the properties and characteristics of a catalyst. 

Dermal and transdermal delivery requires efficient penetration of compounds through the skin barrier, the bilayer domains of intercellular lipid matrices, and keratin bundles in the stratum corneum (SC). Lipid vesicular systems are a recognized mode of enhanced delivery of drugs into and through the skin. However, it is noteworthy that not every lipid vesicular system has the adequate characteristics to enhance skin membrane permeation. Specially designed lipid vesicles in contrast to classic liposomal compositions could achieve this goal. This chapter describes the structure, main physicochemical characteristics, and mechanism of action of prominent vesicular carriers in this field and reviews reported data on their enhanced delivery performance. 

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