Pentanones, oxidation

Oxidation of cyclic ketones by H2O2 in the presence of an acid zeolite was used for the preparation of lactones and u-hydroxycarboxylic acids [124]. Thus, for c-pentanone oxidation in the presence of H-ZSM-5, -valerolactone is obtained with 62.3% selectivity at 40% conversion, whereas 5-hydroxy-pentoic acid is obtained with 34% yield in the presence of Zeolon M. 

House and Wasson 25 also examined the rearrangements of several a-benz lcycloalk tione oxideB itl the presence of boron trifluoride, both in benzene and in ether In the non-baaic solvent, a-benzalcyclo-pentanone oxide underwent ring expansion to 2-phenylcyclohexatie-1,3-dione, whereas in ether, which basic relative to benzene, only a... 

Primary amines form Schiff bases, (CH3 )2C=NR. Ammonia induces an aldol condensation followed by 1,4-addition of ammonia to produce diacetone amine (from mesityl oxide), 4-amino-4-methyl-2-pentanone [625-04-7] (CH2)2C(NH2)CH2COCH2, and triacetone amine (from phorone),... 

C ( propyl) N phenylmtrone to N phenylmaleimide, 46, 96 semicarbazide hydrochloride to ami noacetone hydiochlonde, 46,1 tetraphenylcyclopentadienone to diphenyl acetylene, 46, 44 Alcohols, synthesis of equatorial, 47, 19 Aldehydes, aromatic, synthesis of, 47, 1 /3-chloro a,0 unsaturated, from ke tones and dimethylformamide-phosphorus oxy chloride, 46, 20 from alky 1 halides, 47, 97 from oxidation of alcohols with dimethyl sulfoxide, dicyclohexyl carbodumide, and pyndimum tnfluoroacetate, 47, 27 Alkylation, of 2 carbomethoxycyclo pentanone with benzyl chloride 45,7... 

Write the balanced equation for the production of pentanone from pentanol, using dichromate ion as the oxidizing agent. 

A mixture of 23.4 g (39.3 mmol) of bis[(tributyl)tin] oxide and 11.6 g (81.7 mmol) of 4,6-dimethyl-l-hepten-4-ol is heated at 220 CC for 10 h in a three-necked flask equipped with a 12-cm Vigreux column, a condenser, a thermostat, and separating funnel. During this time a further 11.6 g (81.7 mmol) of 4,6-dimethyl-1-hcp-ten-4-ol are added dropwisc, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (approx. 16 g) distilled out. The residue is distilled yield 11.5 g (88%) bp 92-93 °C/0.3 Torr. 

Achiral ketones, for example, 3-pentanone, can be converted predominantly into (Z)-boron enolates [(Z)/( )>97 3] by treatment with (- )-diisopinocampheylboron triflate. Subsequent addition to aldehydes, followed by an oxidative workup procedure, delivers /i-hydroxy ketones with a diastcrcomeric ratio of 95 5 to 98 2 (synjanli) and the xpn-products with 66 to 93% ee33. 

Since the transition state for alcohol oxidation and ketone reduction must be identical, the product distribution (under kinetic control) for reducing 2-butanone and 2-pentanone is also predictable. Thus, one would expect to isolate (R)-2-butanol if the temperature of the reaction was above 26 °C. On the contrary, if the temperature is less than 26 °C, (S)-2-butanol should result in fact, the reduction of... 

The effect of the nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture on acetone when it is hot gives rise to an explosive oxidation, especially when the medium is confined. This situation also applies to a large number of ketones, and in particular, cyclic ketones. Cyclic di- and triperoxides form compounds that detonate, if there is no strict and very delicate thermal control. Accidents have been reported with butanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and methylcyclo-hexanones. 

Trimethyl- 1,3-pentanediol 2.2.4- Trimethyl-3-pentanone 2.4.4- Trimethyl- 1-pentene 2.4.4- Trimethyl-2-pentene Trimethylphosphine Trimethylphosphine oxide Trimethyl phosphate 2,3,6-Trimethylpyridine 8.6... 

Redox [Reduction oxidation] A process for separating the components of used nuclear fuel by solvent extraction. It was the first process to be used and was brought into operation at Hanford, United States, in 1951, but was superseded in 1954 by the Purex process. The key to the process was the alternate reduction and oxidation of the plutonium, hence the name. The solvent was Hexone (4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone), so the process was also known as the Hexone process. The aqueous phase contained a high... 

An atomic absorption method was published by AOAC Int. (2000) for determination of the anti-foaming agent polydimethylsiloxane in pineapple juice, that is based on extraction with 4-methyl-2-pentanone and aspiration into a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. A silicone lamp was used for detection. 

For example, 2-hexanone in MeCN gave 5-acetamino-2-hexanone (44) in 40% yield (Scheme 17) [82], and 2-pentanone was oxidized in trifluoroacetic acid to give a mixture of 4-trifluoroacetoxy-2-pentanone (24%) and 3- and 4-penten-2-one (6%) [83]. A mechanism involving intramolecular hydrogen abstraction by a ketone cation radical that forms a car-benium ion via a [l,5]-hydrogen shift was proposed. 

Both uncalcined and calcined LDHs have also been shown to be effective supports for noble metal catalysts [18-25]. For example, palladium supported on Cu/Mg/Al LDHs has been used in the liquid phase oxidation of limonene [24], and on calcined Mg/Al LDHs for the one-pot synthesis of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) from acetone and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure [25]. In the latter case, the performance depends on the interplay between the acid-base and hydrogenation properties. More recently. 

Products identified from the reaction of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with OH radicals in the presence of nitric oxide included acetone, 2-methypropanal, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, and hydroxy nitrates (Tuazon et al., 2002). 

Indenopyrene, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene l//-Indole, see Indole Indolene, see Indoline Inexit, see Lindane Inhibisol, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Insecticide 497, see Dieldrin Insecticide 4049, see Malathion Insectophene, see a-Endosulfan, p-Endosulfan Intox 8, see Chlordane Inverton 245, see 2,4,5-T lodomethane, see Methyl iodide IP, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene IP3, see Isoamyl alcohol Ipaner, see 2,4-D IPE, see Isopropyl ether IPH, see Phenol Ipersan, see Trifluralin Iphanon, see Camphor Isceon 11, see Trichlorofluoromethane Isceon 122, see Dichlorodifluoromethane Iscobrome, see Methyl bromide Iscobrome D, see Ethylene dibromide Isoacetophorone, see Isophorone a-Isoamylene, see 3-Methyl-l-butene Isoamyl ethanoate, see Isoamyl acetate Isoamylhydride, see 2-Methylbutane Isoamylol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobac, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol Isobenzofuran-l,3-dione, see Phthalic anhydride 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, see Phthalic anhydride IsoBuAc, see Isobutyl acetate IsoBuBz, see Isobutylbenzene Isobutane, see 2-Methylpropane Isobutanol, see Isobutyl alcohol Isobutene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutenyl methyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Isobutyl carbinol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobutylene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutylethylene, see 4-Methyl-l-pentene Isobutyl ketone, see Diisobutyl ketone Isobutyl methyl ketone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Isobutyltrimethylmethane, see 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Isocumene, see Propylbenzene Isocyanatomethane, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methylphenylene ester, see 2,4-Toluene-diisocyanate... 

Methylhydroxybenzene, see 2-Methylphenol p-Methylhydroxybenzene, see 4-Methylphenol Methylisoamyl acetate, see sec-Hexyl acetate Methyl isobutenyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Methylisobutylcarbinol acetate, see sec-Hexyl acetate Methyl isobutyl ketone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Methyl isocyanide, see Dimethylamine, Methyl isocyanate Methyl ketone, see Acetone... 

Methyl-4-pentanone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 2-Methylpentene, see 2-Methyl-l-pentene 4-Methyl-4-pentene, see 2-Methyl-l-pentene 2-Methyl-2-pentenone-4, see Mesityl oxide 2-Methyl-2-penten-4-one, see Mesityl oxide... 

Propylbenzene, see Propylbenzene Propyl carbinol, see 1-Butanol Propylene aldehyde, see Acrolein, Crotonaldehyde Propylene chloride, see 1,2-Dichloropropane Propylene dichloride, see 1,2-Dichloropropane a,p-Propylene dichloride, see 1.2-Dichloropropane 1,2-Propylene oxide, see Propylene oxide Propyl ester of acetic acid, see Propyl acetate Propylethylene, see 1-Pentene 5-Propylhexane, see 4-Methyloctane Propyl hydride, see Propane Propylic alcohol, see 1-Propanol Propyl iodide, see 1-Iodopropane n-Propyl iodide, see 1-Iodopropane Propylmethanol, see 1-Butanol Propyl methyl ketone, see 2-Pentanone n-Propyl nitrate, see Propyl nitrate... 

Ethyl tert-butvl ether. Ethylene dibromide, Ethyl ether, Ethvl sulfide. 2-Heptanone, Methanol, 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-Methvl-2-butene. Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Methyl iodide. Methyl mercaptan, 2-Methylphenol, Methyl sulfide. Monuron. Nitromethane, 2-Nitropropane, A-Nitrosodimethylamine, 1-Octene, 2-Pentanone, Propylene oxide, Styrene, Thiram, Toluene, Vinyl chloride, o-Xylene, tn-Xylene Formaldehyde cyanohydrin, see Acetontrile,... 

Propanal, see Acrolein, Allyl alcohol. 2-Heptanone, 2-Pentanone, 1-Octene Propanamide, Acrylamide 1,2-Propanediol, see 1-Pentene, Propylene oxide... 

Taylor and Flood could show that polystyrene-bound phenylselenic acid in the presence of TBHP can catalyze the oxidation of benzylic alcohols to ketones or aldehydes in a biphasic system (polymer-TBHP/alcohol in CCI4) in good yields (69-100%) (Scheme 117) °. No overoxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids was observed and unactivated allylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols were unreactive under these conditions. In 1999, Berkessel and Sklorz presented a manganese-catalyzed method for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones (Scheme 118). The authors employed the Mn-tmtacn complex (Mn/168a) in the presence of sodium ascorbate as very efficient cocatalyst and 30% H2O2 as oxidant to oxidize 1-butanol to butyric acid and 2-pentanol to 2-pentanone in yields of 90% and 97%, respectively. This catalytic system shows very good catalytic activity, as can be seen from the fact that for the oxidation of 2-pentanol as little as 0.03% of the catalyst is necessary to obtain the ketone in excellent yield. 

The main volatile components isolated from bacuri shells using various isolation methods, such as steam distillation and supercritical CO2 extractions were (Z)-linalool oxide, ( )-linalool oxide, 2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, ds-hexenyl acetate, methyl dodecacanoate, and several hydrocarbons, including bisabolene [46]. 

Pentanone Petroleum distillates Phenyl ether vapor Phenyl glycidyl ether n-Propyl acetate Propyl alcohol n-Propyl nitrate Propylene dichloride Propylene oxide Pyridine... 

The procedure reported here provides a convenient method for the a-hydroxylation of ketones which form enolates under the reaction conditions. The reaction has been applied successfully to a series of para-substituted acetophenones, 1-phenyl-1-propanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, cyclododecanone, 2-methyl cyclohexanone, 2-norbornanone and benzalacetone. In the case of a steroidal example it was shown that a carbon-carbon double bond and a secondary hydroxyl group are not oxidized. A primary amino function, as in the case of p-aminoacetophenone, is not affected.5 Similarly, a tertiary amino ketone such as tropinone undergoes the a-hydroxy at ion reaction.5... 

Synthesis (Kleemann et al. 1999, Janssen (Janssen), 1973 Janssen et al. (Janssen), 1973, Stokbroekx et al., 1973, Niemegeers et al., 1974) ) Treatment of 2-oxo-3,3-diphenyl-tetrahydrofuran, synthesized by treatment of diphenyl-acetic acid ethyl ester with ethylene oxide, with HBr(gas) yields bromo derivative i, which is then converted into butyryl chloride derivative ii by means of thionyl chloride in refluxing chloroform. Reaction of derivative ii with dimethylamine in toluene affords dimethyl (tetrahydro-3,3-diphenyl-2-furylidene)ammonium bromide, which is then condensed with 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-piperidinol by means of Na2C03 and Kl in refluxing 4-methyl-2-pentanone to provide loperamide. 

Alpha (a). It is well known in organic chemistry that the hydrogen atoms attached to the same carbon atom to which oxygen is bound are easily removed Primary carbinols oxidize to aldehydes, secondary carbinols to ketones, and aldehydes to acids. Blosser (7) found both acetone and pentanones among the low temperature oxidation products of n-pentane. 

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