2-methyl pentane

In this manner, the four isomers of hexane are named 2-methyl pentane, 3-methyl pentane, 2,2,-dimethyl butane, and 2,3-dimethyl butane. 

To get an initial estimate of the distillation column conditions, the process was first simulated using a shortcut column model, as shown in Figure 4.43. If we assume that no cyclic compounds are formed in the process, then the component list includes all of the available Cg paraffin compounds, i.e., n-hexane, 2-methyl pentane, 3-methyl pentane, 2,3-methyl butane, and 2,2-methyl butane. The reactor achieves complete equilibrium between these species and so can be modeled using a Gibbs reactor. 

Cs >C6 n-. iso- pen- tanes 2,2-di methyl- butane 2- methyl- pentane 3- methyl- pentane... 

Figure 3.13 Headspace analysis of volatiles of whole milk powder stored in air at 40 C (peroxide value 1.01). 1 = pentanone 2 = pentanal 3 = methyl butyrate (internal standard) 4 = hexanal 5 = heptanone 6 = heptanal 7 = octanal 8 = octanoic 9 = nonanal. Chromatographic conditions were as in Fig. 3.12. Reproduced from Ulberth, F. and Roubicek, D., Monitoring of oxidative deterioration of milk powder by headspace gas chromatography. International Dairy Journal, 5, 523-31, 1995.

Sample -Butane Iso- pentane 3-Methyl pentane 3-Methyl heptane... 

Sample n-Butane Iso-pentane 3-methyl pentane 3- -pentane... 

Alkylate is a gasoline blending component with exceptional antiknock properties, which seems to avoid the legislative pressure. Alkylate consists exclusively of isoalkanes and is obtained from the C3-C4 cut of the FCC units. In many instances, isobutene from the C3-C4 fraction is transformed selectively with methanol into methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Therefore, a mixture of 1-butene and 2-butene is used for alkylation purposes. The other reactant is isobutane. The major constituents of the alkylate are 2,2,3-, 2,2,4-, 2,3,3- and 2,3,4-trimethyl pentane (TMP). Besides, the alkylate contains other C8 isoalkanes, such as dimethyl hexane (DMH), 3-ethyl 2-methyl pentane, methyl heptane and ethyl hexane, and even isoalkanes with carbon numbers that are not multiples of 4. 

Pentane Methyl iodide Acetic acid Toluene Obs. 687 638 593 821... 

Succinic Ethyl a-methylbutyrate Isofenchyl alcohol 2-Pentanal Methyl sulfide... 

Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl-H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)2 Pentane, methyl-C5H11-CH3 Pentane, 2-methyl-H3C-(CH2)2-CH = (CH3)2... 

Ans. Butanoic acid > 1-pentanol > pentanal > methyl propanoate > hexane. The order is based on differences in intermolecular forces since the compounds have very nearly the same molecular mass. Butanoic acid and 1-pentanol have hydrogen bonding but that in the acid is more extensive because of the special interaction between the carbonyl and HO groups. Aldehydes boil higher than esters because the polarity of the carbonyl group is greater than that of an ester group. The attractive forces in alkanes, the dispersion forces, are the weakest. 

Ans. Butanoic acid > 1-pentanol = pentanal = methyl propanoate > hexane. The order is similar to the order of boiling points except that the alcohol, aldehyde, and ester have the same solubility. Although neither the aldehyde nor the ester can hydrogen-bond with itself, each can hydrogen-bond with water. 

With the Al(CH3)3/t-C4H9Q system, polymerization of isobutylene occurs in methyl chloride solution but not in n-pentane. Methyl chloride may be considered as being a co-coinitiator in profoundly... 

Lu, B. C.-Y. Ishikawa, T. Benson, G. C. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for n-hexane - methyl methacrylate, methyl n-propyl ketone - acetic acid, n-pentane - methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate - acetic anhydride J. Chem. Eng. Data 1990,35, 331-334... 

C. After completion of the addition, stirring was continued at —86 C for 6 hours. The mixture was slowly warmed to —20°C and was stirred for 12 hours at that temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the crude product was subjected to silica gel chromatography (pentane/methyl tert-haty ether (MTBE) 5 1) to afford 182 as a white powder (36 mg, 99% yield). Enantiomeric excess (93% ee) was determined by chiral HPLC (Chiralcel OD-H [Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch, France] cyclohexane//-PrOH 99 1 l.OmLmin majors 12.8 minutes, tR minor = 30.4 minutes). 

Three isomeric alkanes have the molecular formula C5H12 The unbranched isomer is as we have seen n pentane The isomer with a single methyl branch is called isopen tane The third isomer has a three carbon chain with two methyl branches It is called neopentane... 

The parent pentane chain bears a methyl (CH3) group as a substituent... 

Fig. 4.24 Heat of immersion of a carbon (prepared by pyrolysis of Saran Polymer A) in different liquids at 300 K. The liquids for points 1-6 were (I) methanol (2) benzene (3) n-hexane (4) 3-methyl benzene (5) 2,2-dimethyl butane (6) 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane. The abscissae represent the molar volumes of the liquids. (Redrawn from the original diagram of Barton, Beswick and Harrison. " )...

Isomerization. Isomerization is a catalytic process which converts normal paraffins to isoparaffins. The feed is usually light virgin naphtha and the catalyst platinum on an alumina or zeoflte base. Octanes may be increased by over 30 numbers when normal pentane and normal hexane are isomerized. Another beneficial reaction that occurs is that any benzene in the feed is converted to cyclohexane. Although isomerization produces high quahty blendstocks, it is also used to produce feeds for alkylation and etherification processes. Normal butane, which is generally in excess in the refinery slate because of RVP concerns, can be isomerized and then converted to alkylate or to methyl tert-huty ether (MTBE) with a small increase in octane and a large decrease in RVP. 

Isoprene [78-79-5] (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a colorless, volatile Hquid that is soluble in most hydrocarbons but is practically insoluble in water. Isoprene forms binary azeotropes with water, methanol, methylamine, acetonitrile, methyl formate, bromoethane, ethyl alcohol, methyl sulfide, acetone, propylene oxide, ethyl formate, isopropyl nitrate, methyla1 (dimethoxymethane), ethyl ether, and / -pentane. Ternary azeotropes form with water—acetone, water—acetonitrile, and methyl formate—ethyl bromide (8). Typical properties of isoprene are Hsted in Table 1. 

The Tokuyama Soda single-step catalyst consists of a zirconium phosphate catalyst loaded with 0.1—0.5 wt % paHadium (93—97). Pilot-plant data report (93) that at 140°C, 3 MPa, and a H2 acetone mole ratio of 0.2, the MIBK selectivity is 95% at an acetone conversion of 30%. The reactor product does not contain light methyl substituted methyl pentanes, and allows MIBK recovery in a three-column train with a phase separator between the first and second columns. 

Solvent-soluble polymeric products of stmctures (1 3) can be obtained upon reaction of tetraaLkyl titanate, 2-methyl- -pentane-2,4-diol, and water in a 2 4 1 molar ratio (71). The tetraptimary glycol titanate complexes have been used as catalysts for the production of polyisocyanurates and polyoxa2ohdones (72). 

Agglomeration-Based Fine Coal Cleaning. Most recently a search for nonaqueous collectors or reagents for fine coal cleaning has been undertaken. A number of Hquids have been tested and found to be suitable as agglomeration agents. These include heavy oil. Freon, pentane, hexane, heptane, 2-methylbutane, methyl chloride, and Hquid carbon dioxide. 

Azabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-3-carboxylic acid antimicrobial activity, 7, 346 l-Azabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane — see Manxine 1 - Aza-2-boracyclohexane, 1 -methyl-synthesis, 1, 647... 

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