Pectin material

Phinney et al. [Ill] investigated the application of citrus pectins, as chiral selectors, to enantiomer separations in capillary electrophoresis. Successful enantioreso-lution of primaquine and other antimalarials, was achieved by utilizing potassium polypectate as the chiral selector. Changes in pH, chiral additive concentration, and capillary type were studied in relation to chiral resolution. The effect of degree of esterification of pectin materials on chiral recognition was evaluated. 

The major polymers that make up the wall are polysaccharides and lignin. These occur together with more minor but very important constituents such as protein and lipid. Water constitutes a major and very important material of young, primary walls (2). The lignin is transported in the form of its building units (these may be present as glucosides) and is polymerized within the wall. Those polysaccharides which make up the matrix of the wall (hemicelluloses and pectin material) are polymerized in the endomembrane system and are secreted in a preformed condition to the outside of the cell. Further modifications of the polysaccharides (such as acetylation) may occur within the wall after deposition. Cellulose is polymerized at the cell surface by a complex enzyme system transported to the plasma membrane (3). 

Polysaccharides. See also, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dextran, Dextrins, Fructans, Glycogen, Glycosiduronic acids (poly-), Pectin materials. Starch, and Xylan. 

More-exact proof of the latter depolymerization of pectin material was obtained by Neukom and Deuel " at the Swiss Federal Technical University in Ziirich. They were able to demonstrate that the pectin d-galacturonan chain (44) breaks down rapidly in alkaline solution, or in a buffered, neutral medium (pH 6.8), giving oligosaccharide fragments having a characteristic, terminally linked, 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-eno-pyranosyluronate residue, as shown in 46. 

In a short communication on the proof of the jS-elimination reaction observed on pectin material (type A), Heim and Neukom reported using. 

According to Field and Holbrook [13], liquid movement in a tree trunk may involve pectin hydrogels, which bind cell walls together. When pectin material swells, the pits in the membrane cells will be compressed and, subsequently, will slow... 

Urias-Orona, V., Rascon-Chu, A, Lizardi-Mendoza, Carvajal-Mlllan, E., Gardea, A. A., and Ramirez-Wong, B. [2010). A novel pectin material Extraction, characterization and gelling properties, Int ]. Mol. Sci, 11[10), 3686-3695. 

PEC-1000 Pechmann reaction Peclet numbers PE coatings Pectic acid Pectic acids [9046-40-6] Pectic materials Pectic substances Pectin... 

Detergent Methods. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) methods (2), later modified for human foods (13), measure total insoluble plant cell wall material (NDF) and the cellulose—lignin complex (ADF). The easily solubilized pectins and some associated polysaccharides, galactomaimans of legume seeds, various plant gums, and seaweed polysaccharides are extracted away from the NDF. They caimot be recovered easily from the extract, and therefore the soluble fiber fraction is lost. 

Carbopol is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical practice as a gel-former. Carbopol resins are hydrophilic polymers which swell in water solutions and transform into the gel form at neutralization. At the elaboration of special cosmetic preparations in which carbopol is used, the problem of raw materials compatibility appears. For example, some extracts of aromatic pectin containing materials destroy the gel structure of carbopol. High contents of bivalent metal ions, in particular calcium ions, destructively influence onto the gel-making ability of the system too. 

The aim of the investigation was to study the influence of calcium and sodium ions, pectin containing extracts of aromatic vegetative raw materials and mumio on the carbopol gelation to develop the procedure of calcium and sodium ions mass part determination in extracts of aromatic vegetative pectin containing raw materials to establish the macro- and microelement composition of mumio. 

Determination of Na " and Na" ions in raw cosmetic materials was conducted with the developed method of flame photometry. A necessity of development of method of samples preparation arose up in the work process, as this spicily-aromatic raw material contained pectin in amount 0.1-0.5% and that prevented preparation of samples by standard method of extracts dilution and required incineration of analyzed sample, time of analysis was increased in 60 times. It was established that CaCl, solution with the concentration 0,4 % caused destmctions of the carbopol gel. It was established that the addition of 0,1% CaCl, and 0,1% NaCl salts solutions into the system intensified the effect of negative action of these salts onto the gel stmcture and the gel destmcted completely. 

The determined macro- and microelement stmcture of mumio specifies onto the expediency of the application of this biologically active substance as a cosmetic raw material in the cosmetic compositions, which do not contain carbopol. The developed procedure for calcium and sodium ions determination in pectin-containing vegetative extracts is express and it is recommended for application at elaboration of cosmetic production compositions on the carbopol base. 

The following are some of the typical industrial applications for liquid-phase carbon adsorption. Generally liquid-phase carbon adsorbents are used to decolorize or purify liquids, solutions, and liquefiable materials such as waxes. Specific industrial applications include the decolorization of sugar syrups the removal of sulfurous, phenolic, and hydrocarbon contaminants from wastewater the purification of various aqueous solutions of acids, alkalies, amines, glycols, salts, gelatin, vinegar, fruit juices, pectin, glycerol, and alcoholic spirits dechlorination the removal of... 

Process leaks of sugars, fats, colloidal materials, pectins, emulsions, and proteins cause stable foams in the boiler, leading to carryover and a further contamination cycle. 

Process leaks from food and beverage production or wood leachates often produce sugars, colloidal materials, pectins, emulsions, and proteins that cause stable foams in the boiler. These lead to carryover and further steam-condensate line contamination. The temporary use of a demulsifier or defoamer as part of the water treatment program may be of particular benefit, but again the condensate is unsuitable for return to the boiler. Other process leaks include ... 

Pectin is a long chain of pectic acid and pectinic acid molecules. Because these acids are sugars, pectin is categorized as a polysaccharide. It is prepared from citrus peels and the remains of apples after they are squeezed for juice. In the plant, pectin is the material that joins the plant cells together. When fungus enzymes break down the pectin in fruit, the fruit gets soft and mushy. 

The stems of the tree were foimd to contain polysaccharides consisting of arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid and only minor amoimts of rham-nose. Structural studies indicate that the polymeric material consists of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid residues, terminal, 1,4-, 1,6- and 1,3,6 galactose units and terminal and 1,5-linked arabinofuranose residues. Further studies must be performed on this in order to determine what type of pectin it can be classified as. The Hnkage data indicate that both AG-I and AG-II are present. This polymer was shown to activate polyclonal B-cells [78]. 

When appreciable amounts of pectin, proteins, lipids, unwanted polyphenols, or other compounds are suspected to be present in anthocyanin-containing extracts, some of them can be precipitated or the anthocyanins may be crystalhzed and separated from the others. Pectin and proteins can be removed by organic solvents such as methanol and acetone in order to reduce their solubility, then precipitated and separated by centrifugation. Gelatin was used to remove proanthocyanidin due to its high molecular weight. Anthocyanins were reported to be precipitated early by lead acetate to achieve isolation from other materials. ... 

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