Biologically active substance

Another serious problem is the fact that the maximal accepted residues for the different plant-conditioning and plant-protective agents are not harmonised and that, for example, in Germany for some substances the maximum value for residues in herbs and spices is generally set at 0.01 ppm. This value was solely set by a political decision and has no proven toxicological background. Moreover in a number of cases this value is near the lowest detection value of the particular substance. 

Since the idea of a zero risk of food in principle cannot be realised, it is not least an ethical request to set the assessment of naturally occurring biological active substances on a new basis corresponding to the rules of a scientifically substantiated risk assessment. 

Buckenhueskes HJ (1998) Z. Arznei- Gewiirzpflanz. 3 21 Schmidt K, Kolb H (1996) Verbraucherdienst 41 4 

Daeschel MA, Andersson RE, Fleming HP (1987) FFMS Microbiol. Rev. 46 357 Buckenhueskes HJ, Rendlen M (2004) Food Sci. Biotechnol. 13 262 Lehmacher A, Bockemuehl J, Aleksic S (1995) Epidemiol. Infect. 115 501 Burow H, Pudich U (1996) Fleischwirtschaft 76 640 Foster EM (1971) J. AOAC 54 259 

DGHM—Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (1988) Dtsch. Lebensm.-Rundsch. 88 78 

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Comprehensive Catbanion Chemistry, edited by E. Buncel and T. Durst New Synthetic Method< ogy and Biologically Active Substances, edited by Z.-I. Yoshida... 

These designed methods will allow hereinafter development of the high-performance remedies, using biologically active substances from Arctium lappa L. root. Identification of stmcture and quality contents allows to obtain correct prediction of phamiacological properties of this groups of compounds. Express method allows to make supply of medical herb raw material more rational. 

The determined macro- and microelement stmcture of mumio specifies onto the expediency of the application of this biologically active substance as a cosmetic raw material in the cosmetic compositions, which do not contain carbopol. The developed procedure for calcium and sodium ions determination in pectin-containing vegetative extracts is express and it is recommended for application at elaboration of cosmetic production compositions on the carbopol base. 

Gene-directed biologically active substances (non-sense oligonucleotides and their derivatives) 97MI17. 

Based on these encouraging data, various attempts have been made to develop biologically active substances as follows. 

Humoral factor. A general term referring to biologically active substances found in the body fluids. 

Toxic anoxia caused by damage to the body s oxygen transport or utilization by adverse reaction of biologically active substances. 

A. Hussain and V. Vancura, Formation of biologically active substances by rhizo-sphere bacteria and their effect on plant growth. Folia Microhiologica IPA6S (1970). 

There are numerous examples of intramolecular Heck reactions,151 such as in Entries 10 to 14. Entry 11 is part of a synthesis of the antitumor agent camptothecin. The Heck reaction gives an 11 1 endocyclic-exocyclic mixture. Entries 12-14 are also steps in syntheses of biologically active substances. Entry 12 is part of a synthesis of maritidine, an alkaloid with cytotoxic properties the reaction in Entry 13 is on a route to galanthamine, a potential candidate for treatment of Alzheimer s disease and Entry 14 is a key step in the synthesis of a potent antitumor agent isolated from a marine organism. 

Since the seminal contributions by Nugent and RajanBabu the field of reductive C - C bond formation after epoxide opening via electron transfer has developed at a rapid pace. Novel catalytic methodology, enantio- and stereoselective synthesis and numerous applications in the preparation of biologically active substances and natural products have evolved. In brief, a large repertoire of useful and original reactions is available. These reactions are waiting to be applied in a complex context ... 

Stable lipotropic OCPs and their metabolytes present a danger to mammals not only through acute exposure, but also through chronic exposure to small doses. In recent years, intensive study of the effect of small doses of contaminants [92] shows that small, and super small, doses (i.e. doses that are thousands, and tens of thousands, of times smaller than those causing acute effects) of biologically active substances affect living organisms in a delayed way, over a protracted amount of time. 

A Poison. New method for measuring diffusion constants of biologically active substances. Nature 154 823, 1944. 

It is important to emphasize that all of the tested compounds are biologically active substances. 

Biosensors are the analytical systems, which contain sensitive biological elements and detectors. Plant cells as a possible biosensors have natural structure that determinates their high activity and stability. Criteria in the screening of the plant cells as biosensors for allelopathy should be as under (i) Reaction is fast based on the time of response, (ii) Reaction is sensitive to small doses of analysed compounds or their mixtures and (iii) Methods of detection viz., biochemical, histochemical, biophysical (in particular, spectral changes in absorbance or fluorescence) are easy in laboratory and in the field conditions. The search of biosensors in active plant species is suitable to determine the mechanisms of action of biologically active substances or external factors of the environment (Roshchina and Roshchina, 2003 Roshchina, 2004 2005 c)). 

Golovkin, B.N., Rudenskaya, R.N., Trofimova I.A. and Shretter, A.I. (2001). Biologically Active Substances of Plant Origin. Nauka, Moscow, 1280 pp ( 3-volumes). 

Sections I-V of this chapter deal with the syntheses of unsaturated organic compounds playing an essential role in biochemical processes of life. Numerous polyunsaturated compounds have been synthesized in order to elucidate their physiological role, for instance in brain. However, the main impact on permanent searches for new improved methods of synthesis of isotopically labelled dienes and polyenes comes from nuclear medicine and nuclear pharmacy. The deuterium and carbon-13 labelled polyunsaturated compounds are needed as internal standards in mass spectral determinations of very low concentrations of biologically active substances in biological fluids. 

Utilization of Enyne Metathesis for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Biologically Active Substances... 

Elucidation of the mechanism of action for virtually all biologically active substances has been a collaborative effort between scientists in a variety of disciplines. In the area of drug research, medicinal chemists have played important roles by providing series of homologs and congeners of prototype compounds. The development of potency series, where the in vivo action can be correlated with in vitro or biochemical effects, has often played a pivotal role in formulating hypotheses about mechanism of drug action at the molecular level. 

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