Paper additives Pigments

There are many chemicals that are important in the manufacture of paper. These paper additives include pigments and dyes, wet-strength resins, sizes. 

Chem. Descrip. Hydroxyethyl ether derivatized corn starch CAS 9005-25-8 EINECS/ELINCS 232-679-6 Uses Paper additive for use at the size press in clear size and pigmented formulas, coating, and calender stack Features Uniform vise. high gloss and ink holdout flexible water-holding films... 

Uses Emulsifier for industrial detergents, adhesives, pesticides dispersant detergent intermediate for quat. ammonium compds. strongly absorbed on textiles, paper, many metal surfs. for asphalt, cleaners, demulsifiers, metalworking, paints corrosion inhibitor for lubricant additives, oil field chems. flotation collector for sulfide ores petrol, antiicing additive pigment grinding inks, wax emulsions softener, anti-stat for syn. fabrics, textile finishes antistat in cosmetics Trade Names Crodazoline S Imidazoline S OH... 

Applications - adhesion promoter, compatiblllzer, fiber. Ink additive, paper sizing, pigment binding, viscosity modifier ... 

Uses Acid etching additive pigment wetting agent/dispersant iubricant, emuisifier for metaiworking fluids textiie soflener/finishing oii defoamer in food-contact paper coatings... 

P. are ancient products based almost exclusively on RR. Paper is a sheet material that consists of small bonded fibers, usually and mainly cellulosic in nature. An aqueous suspension of this fibrous ( pulp ) material, pigments, fillers and added chemicals (->paper additives), is transferred into a sheet by pouring onto a fine screen and draining the vmter. Sheet formation is followed by drying and coating procedures. All these steps are completed today on huge continuous, fast-moving paper machines. 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

Water-based flexo inks can be formulated with either a soluble toner or with the Day-Glo EPX Series which is a tme pigment and can be formulated like a conventional pigment dispersion. The Radiant Aquabest or the Day-Glo WST can be formulated in an alkaline water-soluble system to yield strong inks. They have limited shelf life and inferior fade, but do not necessarily requite additional binder. Day-Glo EPX must be formulated with a binder such as a hard resin or can be used with one of the soluble toners such as WST. The EPX Series has several advantages over soluble toners such as much superior fade, exceUent ink stabiHty, and some hiding power over kraft-type papers. A disadvantage of the EPX is its lower tinctorial strength than other fluorescent toners. 

Other. A large variety of additives are used in paper-coatiag colors primarily to modify the physical properties of the colors (102). At high soHds concentrations in water, mineral pigment particles tend to associate and form viscous pastes. Dispersants (qv) are used to prevent this and to provide low viscosity slurries. Common dispersants include polyphosphates and sodium polyacrylate [9003-04-7]. Various water-soluble polymers are added to coatiag colors and act as water-retention agents and as rheology modifiers. 

Phthalocyanine Dyes. In addition to their use as pigments, the phthalocyanines have found widespread appHcation as dyestuffs, eg, direct and reactive dyes, water-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, solvent-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, a2o reactive dyes, a2o nonreactive dyes, sulfur dyes, and wet dyes. The first phthalocyanine dyes were used in the early 1930s to dye textiles like cotton (qv). The water-soluble forms Hke sodium salts of copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid. Direct Blue 86 [1330-38-7] (Cl 74180), Direct Blue 87 [1330-39-8] (Cl 74200), Acid Blue 249 [36485-85-5] (Cl 74220), and their derivatives are used to dye natural and synthetic textiles (qv), paper, and leather (qv). The sodium salt of cobalt phthalocyanine, ie. Vat Blue 29 [1328-50-3] (Cl 74140) is mostly appHed to ceUulose fibers (qv). 

---